Arthritis

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Arthritis comes from the Greek words arthon, meaning joint, and itis, meaning inflammation. Literally, then, arthritis means an inflammation of the joints. This definition seems simple and straightforward enough, and most cases of arthritis do involve inflamed joints. However, many types of arthritis involve no inflammation at all- breakdown of cartilage can occur as well. In common usage, arthritis has come to mean any aches and pains in the bones, joints, and muscles.


Many people have the notion that arthritis is disease only for old people. This simply isn’t true. There is no one typical likeness of an arthritis patient. Anyone can acquire it. It is not limited in a certain age group or gender, although some types of arthritis seem to affect men more than women and vice versa. Women, for example, seem more prone to Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis; men are more likely to get gout and ankylosing sponddylitis. In addition, certain forms appear to have a hereditary link, and some individuals seem genetically predisposed to these disease. (Ellen Hodgson Brown).


Types of Arthritis


Primary Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease of the joints that is caused by erosion of cartilage, the protective cushioning at the ends of the bones. When the cartilage cushion that keeps the ends of the bones from rubbing together deteriorates to the point where the bones grate against each other, inflammation of the joint occurs. Formation of the bony roughness known as Osteoarthritis occurs. As the cartilage breaks down it narrows joint space and the joints grow thicker. The changes that occur may cause stiffness and pain. This disease is confined to the joints and does not spread to any other body systems.


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Some scientists believe that cartilage damage may be due to an imbalance of enzymes released from the cartilage cells or from the lining of the joint. When balanced, these enzymes allow for the natural breakdown and regeneration of cartilage. (Gleen S. Rothfeld, M.D.). Many enzymes can cause the joint cartilage to break down faster than it’s rebuilt. The exact cause of this enzyme imbalanced is unclear.


Secondary OA is a breakdown in cartilage that seems to have a visible cause. It can occur in a joint years after an injury such as a fracture or sprain. If the injured joint does not heal properly, it may become misaligned and can cause problems later in life. In addition, some people may be born with misalignment of the joint. This inborn problem may not be obvious when the person is young, but may affect him or her to Arthritis later in life.


Unlike Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is not associated with the wear and tear of use or with injury. The disease can strike at any time, but most often it develops between the ages of 0 and 50. An estimated million Americans have rheumatoid arthritis, and roughly twice as many women as men are infected. (Miriam B. Nelson). Genetics plays a role in increasing a person’s vulnerability to this disease.


RA is a chronic inflammatory disease that is systematic, for example it can affect the entire body. The membrane that lines the joints become inflamed and chemicals then release and begin to digest cartilage, bone, tendon and ligaments in the joint. Eventually, the joint may be destroyed.


When first diagnosed, it is impossible to predict how severe RA may eventually be. If a patient has fairly continuous symptoms for 4 to 5 years their condition is more likely to pose a lifetime challenge. Periodic examination of joints and tests can be done to monitor the arthritis. After 10 or 0 years the symptoms of inflammation, especially joint swelling, may stabilize, but joint deformities and some pain may remain.


Another form of arthritis that doctors witness more in men than of women is Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) or Marie-Strumpell disease. This type of arthritis affects the spine and sacroiliac joints that involve inflammation of the ligaments and tendons where they attach to the bone. In more advanced forms, attachment structures harden, and bony bridges cause joints in the spine to blend, making movement difficult.


The cause of AS is unknown. The disease seems to be hereditary, however, scientists have found a genetic marker called HLA-B7 in most of the people who have AS. (Ellen Hodgson Brown). Scientists think that this marker is somehow involved in the body’s immune response. It is hoped that the study of these genes will offer further clues to the cause and possible prevention or treatment of various forms of arthritis. They have gone to such depth that they have discovered some healthy people who have HLA-B7 never develop AS.


AS is one of those conditions for which there is currently a great deal of optimism. More sophisticated diagnostic techniques have made recognition of this disease much easier over the last few years. The identification of more people with the disease at earlier stages ahs improved the prognosis. Most people with AS have mild to moderate symptoms and lead normal, active lives.


Another type of arthritis that is seen mostly in men who are middle aged and old is known as Gout. Mainly it is the likelihood of having high blood pressure, being overweight, and drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. It is a true form of Arthritis because it involves the inflammation of a joint. The inflammation is the result of crystals deposited in a joint. These crystals are composed of a chemical called Monosodium Urate. (Kate Lorig).


Gout is a common form of Arthritis portrayed by sudden attacks that result in pain and swollen joints. An initial attack may last several days and then disappear, even with out treatment. You may not have another attack again for weeks, months, or even years. During the period between these attacks, patients may be symptoms free. If the Gout is left untreated, attacks sometimes will last longer and may affect more joints. In several cases, repeated attacks over time may cause the loss of mobility.


Treatment of Arthritis


Since Arthritis is not one, but over a hundred different diseases, there are naturally many different ways to treat it. The approach to treatment may be just as individual as your pain. Some approaches focus on building a lifestyle that minimizes pain such as medication, diet, and so forth.


Medication can help if there is a need for pain relief, increased level of activity of further damage from inflammation. Some medications are relatively mild and solid without a prescription such as aspirin. The benefits of these drugs must be weighed against side effects. They can help make life pain-free and active again, as long as taken with extreme care.


Poor food selections may result in unwanted weight gain, limiting activity and further aggravate symptoms. In addition, medication can alter appetite and nutrient needs. Higher or certain amounts of minerals or vitamins depend on how much medication you are taking. Researchers are investigating the effects of low-calorie, low-fat, and low-protein eating plans. Other scientists are looking at the benefits and risks of omega- fatty acids from cold water fish or plant oils to reduce joint tenderness. Furthermore, they are trying to determine weather diet affects the immune system that causes swelling and soreness of certain types of arthritis.


There are many nationally recognized centers for treatment of Arthritis. One treatment center is Duke University. The Duke University Arthritis Clinic was established in the 10s, and was one of the first to deliver treatment for Arthritis. In 18 Duke established the Duke University Arthritis Center to conduct specialized programs for Arthritis treatment and research.


At Duke University a physician will examine you. After the physical examination, laboratory tests, and appropriate consultation a physician will sit down with the patient and develop a treatment plan. This is known as the Duke Basic Treatment Plan. The treatment plan is composed of the following components


Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;


Daily rest periods to conserve energy and prevent joint damage;


Physical therapy and joint protection to maintain full range of motion in the joints and to prevent joint damage;


Pain relief through medication, physical therapy, and psychological approaches;


An emphasis on good health habits, including diet, exercise, and mental Health.


Once treatment at Duke University is completed each patient has a follow-up session with their physician at regular intervals to review laboratory studies and establish goals for therapy. Regular monitoring for the side effects of drugs is important to ensure treatment while minimizing the side effects. This treatment plan makes Duke University one of the most renowned centers for Arthritis treatment in America.


Arthritis is one of the most common medical problems in the world today. It is the number one cause of disability in America. One person in seven, or nearly 40 million Americans, has some form of arthritis. (Gleen S. Rothfeld). The number of people with this potentially disabling condition is expected to increase in twenty years. The cost of medical and lost production amount is estimated $65 billion yearly.


Brown, Ellen H. Healing Joint Pain Naturally Safe and effective ways to treat Arthritis, Fibromyalgia, and other joint diseases. New York, NY Broadway Books, 001.


Hunder, Gene G. M.D. Mayo Clinic on Arthritis. New York, NY Kensington Publishing Corporation, 1.


Pisetsky, David S. M.D., Ph.D. The Duke University Medical Center Book of Arthritis. New York, NY The Duke University Medical Center and Engel & Engel, Inc., 11.


Rothfeld, Glenn S., M.D. Natural Medicine for Arthritis The best alternative methods for relieving pain and stiffness. Emmaus, PA Rodale Press, Inc., 17.


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