We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Irony in “The Story of an Hour” even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Irony in “The Story of an Hour” in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Irony is the incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs. Iron has played a very important role in many writing of the past and present, like in “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin. Irony is the element in the story that leaves the leaves the readers surprised. It unfolds in “The Story of an Hour” when Mrs. Mallard believes she is free after being told the news of her husband’s death and then truly being freed by her own death
Soon after Ms. Mallard had received d the news of her husband’s death she rejoices because she believed she was now free all restriction her husband had placed on her. Mrs. Mallard believed that there would be no one to take control of her life. She repeatedly whispered to her self, “free, free, free”(Chopin, 1). She felt as though, “there would be no one to live for her during those next coming years she would live for herself”(1). Since Mrs. Mallard had just received the news of her a reader would perceive that statement as being true. Mrs. Mallard continues on to whisper to herself saying, “free! Body and soul free!”(14).
Not long after Mrs. Mallard was rejoicing her newfound freedom from her husband, the front door unlocks and Mrs. Mallard realizes he was not really dead. Mrs. Mallard comes down stairs and in walks her husband a live as he could be. Seeing Mr. Mallard alive shocked Mrs. Mallard. She was ready to enjoy her new life without Mr. Mallard and was already having thoughts of how her life would be without limitations or boundaries which were placed on her by her husband. When she sees him, Mrs. Mallard knew that her new found freedom would no longer be. That truly frightened her because, “When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease- of the joy that kills”(14). Mrs. Mallard had ultimately found her new freedom from her husband, but through her own death instead of her husband.
The Death of Mrs. Mallard is truly ironic. After hearing the news of Mrs. Mallard’s husband death, A reader would have anticipate, as Mrs. Mallard had done, her freedom from her husband and whatever restrictions he placed on her. Mrs. Mallard was happy and repeatedly said she was free. That left a reader to think that she was free because she no longer had her husband no restrict her. As a reader I would have never thought that Mrs. Mallard would become free through her own death and not her husband’s death.
Irony truly unfolds in “The Story of an Hour” when Mrs. Mallard is freed as she wanted through her own death and not through the death of her husband. Mrs. Mallard Whispered, “Free! Body and Soul Free!”, meaning she no longer had any restrictions over her body or soul. But because of her death, Mrs. Mallard became literally free “body and soul”.
Chopin, Kate. “The Story of an Hour.” The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 6th ed. Boston Bedford/St Martin’s, 00. 1018.
Mind that the sample papers like Irony in “The Story of an Hour” presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Showing posts with label free essays online. Show all posts
Showing posts with label free essays online. Show all posts
Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Thursday, January 24, 2013
globalisation and food.
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like globalisation and food. even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like globalisation and food. in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Globalisation and Food.
The first and probably most important area on the topic of globalisation and food is the issue of food policy and food security. It is believed that the vast inequalities between the rich and the poor of this world have strong links to way both developing and developed countries manage, or are forced to manage, their food resources. Two documents are of particular interest to the debate as to what is to blame for the increased inequality mentioned. A recent Oxfam report states that “the problem is not that international trade is inherently opposed to the needs and interests of the poor, but that the rules that govern it are rigged in favour of the rich” (Fowler, 00). This point is validated by the fact that “when developing countries export to rich country markets, they face tariff barriers that are four times higher than those encountered by rich countries. Those barriers cost them $100bn a year � twice as much as they receive in aid” (Fowler, 00). The report claims that while rich countries impose such tariffs, the poorer countries are pressurised by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to open their markets at breakneck speed, often with damaging consequences. The other key document I looked at was an article by Bonnie Setiawan, which was submitted to the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development. Setiawan blames globalisation and import liberalisation for the current crisis in developing countries. Her key point is that “this liberalisation of foodstuffs is the treatment of foodstuffs and agriculture as industrial products which are traded freely like manufactured goods. As the United Nations once said, food becomes a commodity, instead of a human right; it becomes part of free trade and the free market” (Setiawan, 0011-). Setiawan goes on to show what import liberalisation has done to Indonesia. “Data from the World Trade Organisation shows that we (Indonesia) have become the world’s largest rice importer, with 5.8 tons in the fiscal year of 18/1 hence absorbing some 5 % of the world’s rice trade. Earlier, Indonesia ranked as the world’s ninth highest rice exporter and was also self-sufficient in regards to rice” (Setiawan, 0011-). As Hartwig de Haen correctly states the countries that will not be able to compete in this expanded market, for example, those with non-modernised agricultural systems, are the ones for which agriculture is still the backbone of their economies (de Haen, 0011). This is why food policy needs to be better managed so as to stop export dumping by rich countries and to give developing countries a chance to develop. The relevance of this is that though we claim to understand very few people really get that millions of people are starving and suffering. It also seems that the problems could be solved not with everybody donating twenty euro to Concern or Trocaire but with are few changes in policy.
Globalisation and it’s relationship with food also effects us closer to home. It has given us fast, convenient food. But it has also lead, in my opinion, to the eliminating of national eating habits, lack of quality (in 001 a poll by Restaurants and Institutions found that the lowest quality food in any major hamburger chain was found in McDonalds) and poor jobs. Firstly, I will look at the effect that the globalised food industry has had on jobs. The McDonalds chain is, with doubt, the king of fast food. According to Eric Schlosser they are responsible for 0% of America’s new jobs and “it is estimated that one out of every eight workers in the United States has at some point been employed by McDonalds” (Schlosser, 004). McDonalds are also widely credited with the creation of the throwaway ‘McJob’ which was defined by international trade unionist Dan Gallin as “a low skill, low pay, high stress, exhausting and unstable job” (Klein, 0017). The strict regimentation at fast food restaurants creates standardised products (Burger Kingstaff are instructed on the ideal thickness of each french fry, 0.8 inches thick). This in turn gives fast food companies an enormous amount of power over their employees. Jobs that have been ‘de-skilled’ can be filled cheaply. The need to retain any individual worker is greatly reduced by the ease with which he or she can be replaced. In Britain, there was the McLibel case in which two Greenpeace activists were taken to court for criticising McDonalds’ employment practices. Though they were found guilty on several counts the judge did concede that “the allegation that McDonalds ‘pays it’s workers low wages, helping to depress wages for workers in the catering trade in Britain has been proven to be true” (Klein, 0017). In Ireland, more recently, we saw Supermacs fined for making under 18 year olds work later than ten o’ clock on a school night. Fast food outlets also pioneered the casualisation of labour which spread across the service industry as a whole and even further. As Klein sees it almost every major labour battle of the decade has focused on the issue of enforced casualisation “from the United Parcel workers’ stand against ‘part-time America’ to the unionised Australian dockworkers fighting their replacement by contract workers…All these stories are about different industries doing variations on the same thing finding ways to cut ties to their workforce and travel light” (Klein, 0017). I think the issue of casualisation is extremely relevant at the moment with most companies implementing it. From a personal viewpoint, I have been working at the Eurospar supermarket for nearly two years and have seen these changes take place. The average shift has been cut to four hours. The middle aged managerial staff have been replaced by teenagers and people in their earlier twenties. These employees often think they’re just passing through and they normally don’t have families of their own to take care of so they can be paid less and they don’t require the benefits a middle aged person often would. Another thing that Eurospar has in common with the major fast food outlets is it’s fear of unionisation. Eric Schlosser gives numerous accounts of various McDonalds outlets closing just as unionisation seemed imminent e.g. St. Hubert, Montreal 17. Lansing, Michigan 17. Schlosser concludes his series of accounts by saying “As of this writing, none of the workers at the roughly fifteen thousand McDonald’s in North America is represented by a union” (Schlosser, 0077).
The issue of national eating habits is fairly straight forward and it fits in with one of the main criticisms of globalisation it erodes national and even regional cultures. With fast food outlets it’s the same menu and the same ingredients no matter which corner of the globe you find yourself in. Although now and again you may see the Greek kebab special in favourite major fast food outlet, this is just assimilated culture, it drags it into mass culture and it becomes no longer specific to anything except in a harmless, stereotypical fashion. Klein sums it up when she says “Despite the embrace of polyethnic imagery, market-driven globalisation doesn’t want diversity; quite the opposite. It’s enemies are national habits, local brands and distinctive regional tastes” (Klein, 0011). Fast food outlets use approaches to retailing like clustering {setting up many franchises in the area until all competition (or choice) is pretty much defeated} or big-box (a big store in a key location). These major fast food outlets have the money to outbid for space and supplies, to drive down prices and even to keep them artificially high. Although independent restaurants can and do thrive it is normally in the high-end, specialty role. This leaves it to the major outlets, as we have seen in America and the bigger European countries, to blanket cities, towns and suburbs with self-replicating clones. The relevance of this to Ireland, I believe, is not so much that we will have McDonalds and Burger Kings in all the suburbs but that almost everyone in the food business is adopting the McDonalds approach. Look at the local 4 hour garage and the Hot counter in your local supermarket, all mini-McDonalds with little choice, poorly paid staff and they are spreading and expanding. Globalisation has influenced food production but with it’s need for increased efficiency it has lead to shortcuts being taken. This is particularly dangerous with regards to beef products. According to Schlosser “the meatpacking system that arose to supply the nation’s (America) fast food chains � an industry molded to serve their needs, to provide massive amounts of uniform ground beef so that all of McDonald’s hamburgers would taste the same � has proved to be an extremely efficient system for spreading disease” (Schlosser, 0077). He goes on refer to a nationwide survey in 16 that found that 7.5% of ground beef samples taken at processing plants were contaminated with Salmonella, 11.7% with Listeria monocytogenes (which proves fatal in one out of five cases), 0% with Staphylococcus aureus and 5.% with Clostridium perfringens. (Schlosser, 00). A unnamed government health official told Eric Schlosser that the sanitary conditions in a modern feedlot were easily comparable to the to those in a crowded European city during the Middle Ages, “when people dumped their chamber pots out the window, raw sewage ran in the streets, and epidemics raged” (Schlosser, 0001). The problem of lack of quality safe food and the throwaway job link up according to Dr. Patricia Griffin, one of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s leading experts. “We place our lives in their hands in the same way we entrust our lives to the training of airline pilots” (Schlosser, 00). Griffin worries that a low-paid, unskilled workforce composed of teenagers and recent immigrants may not always be familiar with proper food handling procedures. Couple this with the lack of training received and the low prestige and just passing through nature of the job and we see this needs serious attention. Just to hit home the point, food poisoning does not just mean some vomiting and a slight case of diarrhea, in the last eight years in the United States approximately half a million people have been made ill, thousands have been hospitalised and hundreds have died due food poisoning incidents(Schlosser, 00). The relevance of this hardly needs to be stated but this is not just confined to America, a girl I know returned in a critical state from Spain after eating at a McDonalds and is now short one kidney. When people go abroad they sometimes are unsure where to go and eat, the above incidents make the ‘at least you know what you’re getting at McDonalds’ attitude seem laughable.
Finally, there is the cost-cutting and time-saving ‘developments’ that have been made in food production so as to make the most out of the worldwide market. Agriculture in America and in Europe relies less and less on raw materials and more so on non-renewable chemicals. According to Bonnie Setiawan, in the U.S. 75% of all processed food has high artificial content e.g. orange juice with little orange content, sausages with less and less sausage meat. Setiawan also raises an interesting point when looking at the genetically modified food craze. “Almost half of the patents on ‘GM Foods’ are controlled by 14 large corporations with patents in staples rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes and sorghum…the monopolisation allowed by the control of such technology would lead to the need for all farmers of corn, soybean or rice to buy from the firms involved � meaning unlimited markets and extraordinary profits” (Setiawan, 0011-). This is distinct possibility with the influence of globalisation constantly telling us food is a commodity that can produced quicker and cheaper and sold everywhere for any price they deem fit.
Mind that the sample papers like globalisation and food. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Globalisation and Food.
The first and probably most important area on the topic of globalisation and food is the issue of food policy and food security. It is believed that the vast inequalities between the rich and the poor of this world have strong links to way both developing and developed countries manage, or are forced to manage, their food resources. Two documents are of particular interest to the debate as to what is to blame for the increased inequality mentioned. A recent Oxfam report states that “the problem is not that international trade is inherently opposed to the needs and interests of the poor, but that the rules that govern it are rigged in favour of the rich” (Fowler, 00). This point is validated by the fact that “when developing countries export to rich country markets, they face tariff barriers that are four times higher than those encountered by rich countries. Those barriers cost them $100bn a year � twice as much as they receive in aid” (Fowler, 00). The report claims that while rich countries impose such tariffs, the poorer countries are pressurised by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to open their markets at breakneck speed, often with damaging consequences. The other key document I looked at was an article by Bonnie Setiawan, which was submitted to the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development. Setiawan blames globalisation and import liberalisation for the current crisis in developing countries. Her key point is that “this liberalisation of foodstuffs is the treatment of foodstuffs and agriculture as industrial products which are traded freely like manufactured goods. As the United Nations once said, food becomes a commodity, instead of a human right; it becomes part of free trade and the free market” (Setiawan, 0011-). Setiawan goes on to show what import liberalisation has done to Indonesia. “Data from the World Trade Organisation shows that we (Indonesia) have become the world’s largest rice importer, with 5.8 tons in the fiscal year of 18/1 hence absorbing some 5 % of the world’s rice trade. Earlier, Indonesia ranked as the world’s ninth highest rice exporter and was also self-sufficient in regards to rice” (Setiawan, 0011-). As Hartwig de Haen correctly states the countries that will not be able to compete in this expanded market, for example, those with non-modernised agricultural systems, are the ones for which agriculture is still the backbone of their economies (de Haen, 0011). This is why food policy needs to be better managed so as to stop export dumping by rich countries and to give developing countries a chance to develop. The relevance of this is that though we claim to understand very few people really get that millions of people are starving and suffering. It also seems that the problems could be solved not with everybody donating twenty euro to Concern or Trocaire but with are few changes in policy.
Globalisation and it’s relationship with food also effects us closer to home. It has given us fast, convenient food. But it has also lead, in my opinion, to the eliminating of national eating habits, lack of quality (in 001 a poll by Restaurants and Institutions found that the lowest quality food in any major hamburger chain was found in McDonalds) and poor jobs. Firstly, I will look at the effect that the globalised food industry has had on jobs. The McDonalds chain is, with doubt, the king of fast food. According to Eric Schlosser they are responsible for 0% of America’s new jobs and “it is estimated that one out of every eight workers in the United States has at some point been employed by McDonalds” (Schlosser, 004). McDonalds are also widely credited with the creation of the throwaway ‘McJob’ which was defined by international trade unionist Dan Gallin as “a low skill, low pay, high stress, exhausting and unstable job” (Klein, 0017). The strict regimentation at fast food restaurants creates standardised products (Burger Kingstaff are instructed on the ideal thickness of each french fry, 0.8 inches thick). This in turn gives fast food companies an enormous amount of power over their employees. Jobs that have been ‘de-skilled’ can be filled cheaply. The need to retain any individual worker is greatly reduced by the ease with which he or she can be replaced. In Britain, there was the McLibel case in which two Greenpeace activists were taken to court for criticising McDonalds’ employment practices. Though they were found guilty on several counts the judge did concede that “the allegation that McDonalds ‘pays it’s workers low wages, helping to depress wages for workers in the catering trade in Britain has been proven to be true” (Klein, 0017). In Ireland, more recently, we saw Supermacs fined for making under 18 year olds work later than ten o’ clock on a school night. Fast food outlets also pioneered the casualisation of labour which spread across the service industry as a whole and even further. As Klein sees it almost every major labour battle of the decade has focused on the issue of enforced casualisation “from the United Parcel workers’ stand against ‘part-time America’ to the unionised Australian dockworkers fighting their replacement by contract workers…All these stories are about different industries doing variations on the same thing finding ways to cut ties to their workforce and travel light” (Klein, 0017). I think the issue of casualisation is extremely relevant at the moment with most companies implementing it. From a personal viewpoint, I have been working at the Eurospar supermarket for nearly two years and have seen these changes take place. The average shift has been cut to four hours. The middle aged managerial staff have been replaced by teenagers and people in their earlier twenties. These employees often think they’re just passing through and they normally don’t have families of their own to take care of so they can be paid less and they don’t require the benefits a middle aged person often would. Another thing that Eurospar has in common with the major fast food outlets is it’s fear of unionisation. Eric Schlosser gives numerous accounts of various McDonalds outlets closing just as unionisation seemed imminent e.g. St. Hubert, Montreal 17. Lansing, Michigan 17. Schlosser concludes his series of accounts by saying “As of this writing, none of the workers at the roughly fifteen thousand McDonald’s in North America is represented by a union” (Schlosser, 0077).
The issue of national eating habits is fairly straight forward and it fits in with one of the main criticisms of globalisation it erodes national and even regional cultures. With fast food outlets it’s the same menu and the same ingredients no matter which corner of the globe you find yourself in. Although now and again you may see the Greek kebab special in favourite major fast food outlet, this is just assimilated culture, it drags it into mass culture and it becomes no longer specific to anything except in a harmless, stereotypical fashion. Klein sums it up when she says “Despite the embrace of polyethnic imagery, market-driven globalisation doesn’t want diversity; quite the opposite. It’s enemies are national habits, local brands and distinctive regional tastes” (Klein, 0011). Fast food outlets use approaches to retailing like clustering {setting up many franchises in the area until all competition (or choice) is pretty much defeated} or big-box (a big store in a key location). These major fast food outlets have the money to outbid for space and supplies, to drive down prices and even to keep them artificially high. Although independent restaurants can and do thrive it is normally in the high-end, specialty role. This leaves it to the major outlets, as we have seen in America and the bigger European countries, to blanket cities, towns and suburbs with self-replicating clones. The relevance of this to Ireland, I believe, is not so much that we will have McDonalds and Burger Kings in all the suburbs but that almost everyone in the food business is adopting the McDonalds approach. Look at the local 4 hour garage and the Hot counter in your local supermarket, all mini-McDonalds with little choice, poorly paid staff and they are spreading and expanding. Globalisation has influenced food production but with it’s need for increased efficiency it has lead to shortcuts being taken. This is particularly dangerous with regards to beef products. According to Schlosser “the meatpacking system that arose to supply the nation’s (America) fast food chains � an industry molded to serve their needs, to provide massive amounts of uniform ground beef so that all of McDonald’s hamburgers would taste the same � has proved to be an extremely efficient system for spreading disease” (Schlosser, 0077). He goes on refer to a nationwide survey in 16 that found that 7.5% of ground beef samples taken at processing plants were contaminated with Salmonella, 11.7% with Listeria monocytogenes (which proves fatal in one out of five cases), 0% with Staphylococcus aureus and 5.% with Clostridium perfringens. (Schlosser, 00). A unnamed government health official told Eric Schlosser that the sanitary conditions in a modern feedlot were easily comparable to the to those in a crowded European city during the Middle Ages, “when people dumped their chamber pots out the window, raw sewage ran in the streets, and epidemics raged” (Schlosser, 0001). The problem of lack of quality safe food and the throwaway job link up according to Dr. Patricia Griffin, one of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s leading experts. “We place our lives in their hands in the same way we entrust our lives to the training of airline pilots” (Schlosser, 00). Griffin worries that a low-paid, unskilled workforce composed of teenagers and recent immigrants may not always be familiar with proper food handling procedures. Couple this with the lack of training received and the low prestige and just passing through nature of the job and we see this needs serious attention. Just to hit home the point, food poisoning does not just mean some vomiting and a slight case of diarrhea, in the last eight years in the United States approximately half a million people have been made ill, thousands have been hospitalised and hundreds have died due food poisoning incidents(Schlosser, 00). The relevance of this hardly needs to be stated but this is not just confined to America, a girl I know returned in a critical state from Spain after eating at a McDonalds and is now short one kidney. When people go abroad they sometimes are unsure where to go and eat, the above incidents make the ‘at least you know what you’re getting at McDonalds’ attitude seem laughable.
Finally, there is the cost-cutting and time-saving ‘developments’ that have been made in food production so as to make the most out of the worldwide market. Agriculture in America and in Europe relies less and less on raw materials and more so on non-renewable chemicals. According to Bonnie Setiawan, in the U.S. 75% of all processed food has high artificial content e.g. orange juice with little orange content, sausages with less and less sausage meat. Setiawan also raises an interesting point when looking at the genetically modified food craze. “Almost half of the patents on ‘GM Foods’ are controlled by 14 large corporations with patents in staples rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes and sorghum…the monopolisation allowed by the control of such technology would lead to the need for all farmers of corn, soybean or rice to buy from the firms involved � meaning unlimited markets and extraordinary profits” (Setiawan, 0011-). This is distinct possibility with the influence of globalisation constantly telling us food is a commodity that can produced quicker and cheaper and sold everywhere for any price they deem fit.
Mind that the sample papers like globalisation and food. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, October 22, 2012
Fistfighting Against Discrimination
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Fistfighting Against Discrimination even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Fistfighting Against Discrimination in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Fistfighting Against Discrimination
“There was another civil war, another terrorist bomb exploded, and one more plane crashes and all aboard were presumed dead. The crime rate is rising in every city with populations larger then 10,000, and a farmer shot his banker after foreclosure on his 1,000 acres” (17). In the short story “The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfighting in Heaven,” Sherman Alexie focuses on the need to fit in, stereotypes, and Indian-white relations. I believe that Alexie is trying to illustrate to readers that the country has major issues that need to be addressed.
Alexie focuses primarily on people’s great need to fit into society. Through the development of the protagonist in the story, Alexie shows how out of place people feel when they do not fit society’s “norm.” The protagonist, for example, tells an officer who has just profiled him, “I wanted to tell him that I didn’t fit the profile of the country but I knew it would just get me into trouble” (15). Through this statement Alexie show that even in a person’s own country so many people feel out of place. People are always trying to fit in with what society expects them to be, without making a statement too bold that makes them stand out. Alexie does a wonderful job of saying that people all want a place they recognize and in which they feel at home. “Seems I’d spent my whole life that way, looking for anything I recognize” (15), the protagonist says.
The major cause of people feeling outcast, and separated from society is people’s problems with stereotyping and discrimination. Alexie argues that all people stereotype, all people pass judgements and all people are incredibly distrustful in today’s society. Alexie uses the 7-11, a place where the protagonist formally worked, as the perfect place to demonstrate people’s distrust. Headlines today read of numerous robberies, gas station “shoot ‘em up’s,” and many other crimes. In today’s society people have a million reasons to be distrustful, but Alexie tries to show readers there is a large difference between distrust and discrimination. As the protagonist walked into the 7-11 the clerk watched him carefully, “He looked me over so he could describe me to the police later” (15). The clerk was suspicious of the man because he had dark skin and dark hair. Society judges on looks because they don’t have the time to get to know the person on the inside. The cop confronted the protagonist, “You’re making people nervous. You don’t fit the profile of the neighborhood”(15). The author captures the moral of the story in this one statement. An innocent man, driving around in a neighborhood that he didn’t “fit the profile” should not be grounds for people to call the police.
The final point Alexie focuses on is the problem with Indian-white relations. The protagonist of the story is a reflection of Alexie, a Spokane Indian himself. Alexie is trying to express to readers that the Spokane and all other tribes still hold a grudge against “white men.” Due to the history behind the Indian’s land being taken from them, there is a lot of repressed anger. Alexie tries to express that the Indian people have not accepted the fate that has been given to them. Through the protagonists badgering humor Alexie expresses how he truly feels. Alexie describes the clerk’s reaction as, “He swallowed hard like a white man does in those situations.” This statement shows the resentment and judgmental thoughts that Indians still hold on to. I think that Alexie wants readers to be aware of the existence of Indians. The same kind of quote was used again later in the story, referring to the clerk as white and not by a name. The protagonist looks at the clerk and thinks, “There was something about him I liked, even if it was three in the morning and he was white”(15). These two quotes are totally contradictory to the major theme of the story. The protagonist was defining the clerk by the color of his skin, and that is the very thing that Alexie wanted society to recognize as being wrong. Whether we choose to agree with what Alexie is saying or not, society must recognize that Indians are part of our society today.
In all, the story brought to reader’s attention crucial problems in today’s society. Although the tone of the story was one of mean humor and a great need for change at the end, Alexie makes a point for hope in society. While the protagonist was speaking to his former girlfriend he says, “ ‘What’s going to happen to us?’ I asked her and wished I had the answers for my self’ ” (1). She responded “ ‘I don’t know,’ she said. ‘I want to change the world’”(1). Even if all relationship do not end perfectly there is still hope for a friendship, or in society’s case, for a mutual understanding.
Mind that the sample papers like Fistfighting Against Discrimination presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Fistfighting Against Discrimination
“There was another civil war, another terrorist bomb exploded, and one more plane crashes and all aboard were presumed dead. The crime rate is rising in every city with populations larger then 10,000, and a farmer shot his banker after foreclosure on his 1,000 acres” (17). In the short story “The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfighting in Heaven,” Sherman Alexie focuses on the need to fit in, stereotypes, and Indian-white relations. I believe that Alexie is trying to illustrate to readers that the country has major issues that need to be addressed.
Alexie focuses primarily on people’s great need to fit into society. Through the development of the protagonist in the story, Alexie shows how out of place people feel when they do not fit society’s “norm.” The protagonist, for example, tells an officer who has just profiled him, “I wanted to tell him that I didn’t fit the profile of the country but I knew it would just get me into trouble” (15). Through this statement Alexie show that even in a person’s own country so many people feel out of place. People are always trying to fit in with what society expects them to be, without making a statement too bold that makes them stand out. Alexie does a wonderful job of saying that people all want a place they recognize and in which they feel at home. “Seems I’d spent my whole life that way, looking for anything I recognize” (15), the protagonist says.
The major cause of people feeling outcast, and separated from society is people’s problems with stereotyping and discrimination. Alexie argues that all people stereotype, all people pass judgements and all people are incredibly distrustful in today’s society. Alexie uses the 7-11, a place where the protagonist formally worked, as the perfect place to demonstrate people’s distrust. Headlines today read of numerous robberies, gas station “shoot ‘em up’s,” and many other crimes. In today’s society people have a million reasons to be distrustful, but Alexie tries to show readers there is a large difference between distrust and discrimination. As the protagonist walked into the 7-11 the clerk watched him carefully, “He looked me over so he could describe me to the police later” (15). The clerk was suspicious of the man because he had dark skin and dark hair. Society judges on looks because they don’t have the time to get to know the person on the inside. The cop confronted the protagonist, “You’re making people nervous. You don’t fit the profile of the neighborhood”(15). The author captures the moral of the story in this one statement. An innocent man, driving around in a neighborhood that he didn’t “fit the profile” should not be grounds for people to call the police.
The final point Alexie focuses on is the problem with Indian-white relations. The protagonist of the story is a reflection of Alexie, a Spokane Indian himself. Alexie is trying to express to readers that the Spokane and all other tribes still hold a grudge against “white men.” Due to the history behind the Indian’s land being taken from them, there is a lot of repressed anger. Alexie tries to express that the Indian people have not accepted the fate that has been given to them. Through the protagonists badgering humor Alexie expresses how he truly feels. Alexie describes the clerk’s reaction as, “He swallowed hard like a white man does in those situations.” This statement shows the resentment and judgmental thoughts that Indians still hold on to. I think that Alexie wants readers to be aware of the existence of Indians. The same kind of quote was used again later in the story, referring to the clerk as white and not by a name. The protagonist looks at the clerk and thinks, “There was something about him I liked, even if it was three in the morning and he was white”(15). These two quotes are totally contradictory to the major theme of the story. The protagonist was defining the clerk by the color of his skin, and that is the very thing that Alexie wanted society to recognize as being wrong. Whether we choose to agree with what Alexie is saying or not, society must recognize that Indians are part of our society today.
In all, the story brought to reader’s attention crucial problems in today’s society. Although the tone of the story was one of mean humor and a great need for change at the end, Alexie makes a point for hope in society. While the protagonist was speaking to his former girlfriend he says, “ ‘What’s going to happen to us?’ I asked her and wished I had the answers for my self’ ” (1). She responded “ ‘I don’t know,’ she said. ‘I want to change the world’”(1). Even if all relationship do not end perfectly there is still hope for a friendship, or in society’s case, for a mutual understanding.
Mind that the sample papers like Fistfighting Against Discrimination presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
An Alien On Earth
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like An Alien On Earth even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like An Alien On Earth in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
In Los Angeles California, by the Pacific Ocean, Live five best friends
together in an apartment in Santa Monica Boulevard. These five friends have
known each other for a very long time. They went to kindergarten together,
then school together and now they’re at UCLA (University of California in
Los Angeles) together. They’ve chaired their good and bad times together,
never had a fight between each other. Every one is willing to sacrifice for the
others. They love each other a lot. Jason; the eldest, always felt he was a
special person. He always felt he was different than the others, as if he had
some kind of special abilities buried inside him that he can’t use. He wants to
be a doctor. Bill; the second in term of age, wants to be an engineer. John; the
third in term of age, is the calmest on of them all. He wants to be a dentist like
his father who had passed away a month ago. Mike; the fourth in term of age,
plans on working with his father in his company after he graduates from
computer science. Patrick; the youngest, who has just turned 17 wants to be a
psychologist and help other people.
As we all have been waiting for the night of December 1st, they too were
Waiting to celebrate the coming of the new Millennium, the year 000. They
five were planning to go to a party who one of their friends have been
organizing. They all went to their friend’s house to celebrate the millennium
there. It was very crowded there and they all danced. After the clock struck 1,
Jason felt a strange feeling inside him. He went out in the back yard to have
some fresh air. He suddenly saw something up in the sky, which emitted a
beam of light that struck his eyes and made him pass out. He was then taken to
the nearest hospital. He was in a coma for a week. His friends were so worried
about him. They were so happy when he woke up. The first thing he started
saying as soon as he woke up from his coma that he saw a space ship coming
from the sky and that he saw some aliens who looked just like him. No one of
course believed him, not even his closest friends who pretended that they
believe him. He was taken to an asylum. He tried to convince any one, but no
one believed him at all. To get out the asylum, he had to change his story and
pretend to haven’t seen any thing of what he had previously said. He went
directly to the place where he had saw the space ship before. As the clock
struck 1 o’clock (mid night) he again saw a space ship. It landed on the
ground and aliens came out of the space ship. Their faces looked just like
Jason. Jason started opening a conversation with them, but they didn’t speak
like our language. Some how Jason managed to understand what they’ve been
trying to tell him. He understood that he is one of them and they want him to go
with them to his home, family and relatives. Jason couldn’t believe it. He kept
thinking and thinking to go or not to go with them. While thinking of this, he
remembered his dear friends and realized he would never be able to live
without them.
This story shows how true friendship is very strong. No matter happens,
good friends are friends for ever.
Mind that the sample papers like An Alien On Earth presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
In Los Angeles California, by the Pacific Ocean, Live five best friends
together in an apartment in Santa Monica Boulevard. These five friends have
known each other for a very long time. They went to kindergarten together,
then school together and now they’re at UCLA (University of California in
Los Angeles) together. They’ve chaired their good and bad times together,
never had a fight between each other. Every one is willing to sacrifice for the
others. They love each other a lot. Jason; the eldest, always felt he was a
special person. He always felt he was different than the others, as if he had
some kind of special abilities buried inside him that he can’t use. He wants to
be a doctor. Bill; the second in term of age, wants to be an engineer. John; the
third in term of age, is the calmest on of them all. He wants to be a dentist like
his father who had passed away a month ago. Mike; the fourth in term of age,
plans on working with his father in his company after he graduates from
computer science. Patrick; the youngest, who has just turned 17 wants to be a
psychologist and help other people.
As we all have been waiting for the night of December 1st, they too were
Waiting to celebrate the coming of the new Millennium, the year 000. They
five were planning to go to a party who one of their friends have been
organizing. They all went to their friend’s house to celebrate the millennium
there. It was very crowded there and they all danced. After the clock struck 1,
Jason felt a strange feeling inside him. He went out in the back yard to have
some fresh air. He suddenly saw something up in the sky, which emitted a
beam of light that struck his eyes and made him pass out. He was then taken to
the nearest hospital. He was in a coma for a week. His friends were so worried
about him. They were so happy when he woke up. The first thing he started
saying as soon as he woke up from his coma that he saw a space ship coming
from the sky and that he saw some aliens who looked just like him. No one of
course believed him, not even his closest friends who pretended that they
believe him. He was taken to an asylum. He tried to convince any one, but no
one believed him at all. To get out the asylum, he had to change his story and
pretend to haven’t seen any thing of what he had previously said. He went
directly to the place where he had saw the space ship before. As the clock
struck 1 o’clock (mid night) he again saw a space ship. It landed on the
ground and aliens came out of the space ship. Their faces looked just like
Jason. Jason started opening a conversation with them, but they didn’t speak
like our language. Some how Jason managed to understand what they’ve been
trying to tell him. He understood that he is one of them and they want him to go
with them to his home, family and relatives. Jason couldn’t believe it. He kept
thinking and thinking to go or not to go with them. While thinking of this, he
remembered his dear friends and realized he would never be able to live
without them.
This story shows how true friendship is very strong. No matter happens,
good friends are friends for ever.
Mind that the sample papers like An Alien On Earth presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
A Martial Arts Move
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like A Martial Arts Move even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like A Martial Arts Move in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
A flying side is harder than you think. If you don’t know what that is, it is a martial arts move. It’s a really neat move and you can do it too. To do this move you need to wear loose-legged pants and no shoes. You also need someone to watch you and coach you as you learn.
First you take two fast but big steps. Then you jump out and up while retracting both knees. This part is kind of hard. Practicing retracting or chambering up both knees, while holding a pole or something attached to a wall will help your reflexes on this or any kick.
The next step in completing your flying sidekick is while you’re in the air; kick out your top foot with your foot pointing downward. Your bottom knee should remain retracted. The foot positioning is a bit hard, but with practice you’ll get it.
Then you keep your back arm bent with a clenched fist near your chest. Your front arm will be bent, but extended semi-forward, also with a clenched fist. You want to keep your arms up the whole time you’re kicking. This part is easy.
Lastly, you try to strike your opponent’s head with your foot. That part is fun, I think. Then you will land by putting your back foot down, then your front foot. This kick is really, really fun. Some people think it’s a bit hard, but I got it the first time.
If you would like to learn more about martial arts, you can go to Martial Arts, U.S.A. It is located right by the China King restaurant on Republic Road. That’s where I go to take Tae Kwon Do. Learning and practicing the flying sidekick has helped me to progress nearly to the level of recommended black belt. With practice and a good instructor, you could learn this Tae Kwon Do move, too.
Mind that the sample papers like A Martial Arts Move presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
A flying side is harder than you think. If you don’t know what that is, it is a martial arts move. It’s a really neat move and you can do it too. To do this move you need to wear loose-legged pants and no shoes. You also need someone to watch you and coach you as you learn.
First you take two fast but big steps. Then you jump out and up while retracting both knees. This part is kind of hard. Practicing retracting or chambering up both knees, while holding a pole or something attached to a wall will help your reflexes on this or any kick.
The next step in completing your flying sidekick is while you’re in the air; kick out your top foot with your foot pointing downward. Your bottom knee should remain retracted. The foot positioning is a bit hard, but with practice you’ll get it.
Then you keep your back arm bent with a clenched fist near your chest. Your front arm will be bent, but extended semi-forward, also with a clenched fist. You want to keep your arms up the whole time you’re kicking. This part is easy.
Lastly, you try to strike your opponent’s head with your foot. That part is fun, I think. Then you will land by putting your back foot down, then your front foot. This kick is really, really fun. Some people think it’s a bit hard, but I got it the first time.
If you would like to learn more about martial arts, you can go to Martial Arts, U.S.A. It is located right by the China King restaurant on Republic Road. That’s where I go to take Tae Kwon Do. Learning and practicing the flying sidekick has helped me to progress nearly to the level of recommended black belt. With practice and a good instructor, you could learn this Tae Kwon Do move, too.
Mind that the sample papers like A Martial Arts Move presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, September 3, 2012
"The Lost Weekend"Film Noir or Not
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like "The Lost Weekend"Film Noir or Not even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like "The Lost Weekend"Film Noir or Not in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Matt Cowell Film Noir
Sept, 8th 00 Dr. Greta A. Niu
“The Lost Weekend”
Film Noir or Not
Though “The Lost Weekend” is considered to be film noir, there are major differences between it and other classic film noir movies. What makes The Lost Weekend a film noir movie? As we have seen The Lost Weekend has no femme fatale, no mystery, murder, private eye, and none of the leading ladies is particularly sultry or sensual. However as I analyzed the film there are many key areas in which The Lost Weekend is similar to other film noir movies. As I took a closer look I found some interesting parallels between alcohol and the classic femme fatale. The use of lighting in The Lost Weekend is also extremely important to show the despair and demise of Don Birnam and is a trademark of film noir. I will also show how the internal struggle that Don is dealing with parallels other classic film noir movies. Finally I will prove that the ending in The Lost Weekend is a prime example of a film noir and that this movie is indeed film noir.
First, I believe that there is a femme fatale in this movie. Although we do not see a sensual woman who is manipulating men and using her sexuality as a tool to conquer men; we do have something in this movie that takes the place of the femme fatale. This substitute or alternate femme fatale has many of the qualities that a femme fatale posses. It is alluring, mysterious, controlling, manipulative, it makes men think irrationally, and it can also be deadly. What I am describing is the classic femme fatale character and in The Lost Weekend I believe that alcohol plays this role perfectly. Alcohol has become the alluring and sensual pleasure in Don Birnams life. Alcohol has such a controlling grasp on his life he can’t live without it. Don’s lust for alcohol and desire to posses it is in many ways similar to both Walter Neff’s desire for Phyllis in Double Indemnity as well as Michael O’Hara’s desire for Elsa Bannister in The Lady From Shanghai. Don’s lust for alcohol drives him to do irrational acts of desperation. For example he searches all day to find a pawn shop that is open so he can sell his typewriter in exchange for booze. Walter Neff’s desire for Phyllis drives him to ultimately murder her husband, and Michael O’Hara decides to kill Grisby in exchange for money and a chance at starting a new life with Elsa. This alone does not classify The Lost Weekend as film noir, however it is just one similarity.
The lighting in most film noir is typically moody, dark and is often used to show which characters are in control of the situation or in this case out of control. When Don is in the apartment and he sees the mouse the room is very dark. Helen enters the room and turns the lights on helping Don regain control of his consciousness and regain his grip on reality. Lighting is of extreme importance in a film noir movie and The Lost Weekend is no different. In many film noir light is used to cast shadows on figures while illuminating other parts of the frame. A good example of this would be in Double Indemnity when Water Neff enters Phyllis’s house after the murder. Phyllis is sitting in chair with the lights out, however there is light through the blinds in the window creating a moody atmosphere as streaks of shadow and light are sprayed across the walls. The use of lighting in The Lost Weekend is very similar in the scene when Don is in the alcoholics ward. There is light shining through the double door entrance to the ward and the window is crisscrossed with metal that creates diamond shapes. The light passing through the window creates a shadow on Don much as it did in Double Indemnity. The use of the lighting gives you the impression of prison bars in both instances. This use of lighting helps the viewer in that it builds upon the mood and gives a creepy feeling that something is just not quite right in the scene.
In many film noir movies there is also this internal conflict between good and evil. In The Lady From Shanghai Michael O’Hara is battling the desire and lust for Elsa and his need to escape her. Walter Neff is also battling his lust for Phyllis and his own morality. In The Lost Weekend Don’s internal battle is against his desire for alcohol and his desire to be a successful writer. Though the internal struggles for both Michael and Walter are against acts to commit murder or in Michaels case to confess to murder. Don’s struggle is not for someone else’s life but it is a battle for his own life. He is constantly struggling and losing to the desire to kill himself by use of alcohol. This desire ultimately causes him to purchase a gun to end his own life. All of these men are in a battle for their souls, each is lured into this struggle by the femme fatale which in Don’s case is the alcohol. At the end of Double Indemnity and The Lady from Shanghai both Water and Michael have lost the battle, neither of the men gets the girl or the money and both are worse off than they were before. This is not the case with Don however. At the end of The Lost Weekend we are left with a sense of hope that Don will conquer his battle against alcohol and become the great writer he wants to be.
This ending is not a typical ending for a film noir and is cause for debate that The Lost Weekend is not in fact film noir. At the end of the movie Don gets the girl, appears to win the struggle against his evil desires, and is headed toward a successful career as a writer. However in the movie there is a reoccurring theme. This theme or thematic element is the idea of the circle. A circle has no beginning and no end. The idea of a circle gives us the feeling that Don’s struggle is not over at the end of the movie, he is just back at the place where we saw him at the beginning of the movie. The most vivid example of this circle that Don can’t escape is when he is back at his brother’s apartment and he sees the mouse chewing through the wall. A bat then appears at the window and flies inside the room. The bat begins flying circles around Don’s head and it then sees the mouse trying to escape from the wall and pounces on the mouse killing it in bloody fashion. This vivid and disturbing scene gives us a visual picture of the internal battle that Don is going through. Don is represented by the mouse trying to chew it way out of the wall. This symbol of the mouse is portraying Don as he is struggling to free himself from the addiction of alcoholism. The bat is the vicious cycle of alcoholism and the hopelessness of Don’s plight. However you view the ending this movie it is a wonderful example of film noir. This ending may not be as dark as other film noir movies, however the thematic material certainly paints a darker picture of Don’s future than do other film noir movies.
Though The Lost Weekend may not appear to be a film noir movie if you breakdown the details in the movie it is a clear example of film noir. From the lighting, the psychologically dark theme of man’s struggle against himself as well as the hopeless ending, it is clear that is movie lends itself to the film noir genre. I believe that this movie is the best example of film noir we have seen so far. This movie dealt with a much darker and much more real theme than any other film noir movie. Not only was the lighting moody and dark, but the film also portrayed the dark and
deep chasm of the human mind and showed it’s viewer the horrible side of our mental struggles. This movie I believe stands apart from the other film noir movies in that is gives us a more accurate glimpse into the human battle against our own self-destructive nature and our desire to better ourselves.
Kaplan, E. Ann, “Women in film noir”, British Film Institute, 18Pages 47 - 6
Wruck, Neal, “The Lost Weekend” Review, www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/601005740/10-6515408-461768?v=glance, May 15th, 00
Mind that the sample papers like "The Lost Weekend"Film Noir or Not presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Matt Cowell Film Noir
Sept, 8th 00 Dr. Greta A. Niu
“The Lost Weekend”
Film Noir or Not
Though “The Lost Weekend” is considered to be film noir, there are major differences between it and other classic film noir movies. What makes The Lost Weekend a film noir movie? As we have seen The Lost Weekend has no femme fatale, no mystery, murder, private eye, and none of the leading ladies is particularly sultry or sensual. However as I analyzed the film there are many key areas in which The Lost Weekend is similar to other film noir movies. As I took a closer look I found some interesting parallels between alcohol and the classic femme fatale. The use of lighting in The Lost Weekend is also extremely important to show the despair and demise of Don Birnam and is a trademark of film noir. I will also show how the internal struggle that Don is dealing with parallels other classic film noir movies. Finally I will prove that the ending in The Lost Weekend is a prime example of a film noir and that this movie is indeed film noir.
First, I believe that there is a femme fatale in this movie. Although we do not see a sensual woman who is manipulating men and using her sexuality as a tool to conquer men; we do have something in this movie that takes the place of the femme fatale. This substitute or alternate femme fatale has many of the qualities that a femme fatale posses. It is alluring, mysterious, controlling, manipulative, it makes men think irrationally, and it can also be deadly. What I am describing is the classic femme fatale character and in The Lost Weekend I believe that alcohol plays this role perfectly. Alcohol has become the alluring and sensual pleasure in Don Birnams life. Alcohol has such a controlling grasp on his life he can’t live without it. Don’s lust for alcohol and desire to posses it is in many ways similar to both Walter Neff’s desire for Phyllis in Double Indemnity as well as Michael O’Hara’s desire for Elsa Bannister in The Lady From Shanghai. Don’s lust for alcohol drives him to do irrational acts of desperation. For example he searches all day to find a pawn shop that is open so he can sell his typewriter in exchange for booze. Walter Neff’s desire for Phyllis drives him to ultimately murder her husband, and Michael O’Hara decides to kill Grisby in exchange for money and a chance at starting a new life with Elsa. This alone does not classify The Lost Weekend as film noir, however it is just one similarity.
The lighting in most film noir is typically moody, dark and is often used to show which characters are in control of the situation or in this case out of control. When Don is in the apartment and he sees the mouse the room is very dark. Helen enters the room and turns the lights on helping Don regain control of his consciousness and regain his grip on reality. Lighting is of extreme importance in a film noir movie and The Lost Weekend is no different. In many film noir light is used to cast shadows on figures while illuminating other parts of the frame. A good example of this would be in Double Indemnity when Water Neff enters Phyllis’s house after the murder. Phyllis is sitting in chair with the lights out, however there is light through the blinds in the window creating a moody atmosphere as streaks of shadow and light are sprayed across the walls. The use of lighting in The Lost Weekend is very similar in the scene when Don is in the alcoholics ward. There is light shining through the double door entrance to the ward and the window is crisscrossed with metal that creates diamond shapes. The light passing through the window creates a shadow on Don much as it did in Double Indemnity. The use of the lighting gives you the impression of prison bars in both instances. This use of lighting helps the viewer in that it builds upon the mood and gives a creepy feeling that something is just not quite right in the scene.
In many film noir movies there is also this internal conflict between good and evil. In The Lady From Shanghai Michael O’Hara is battling the desire and lust for Elsa and his need to escape her. Walter Neff is also battling his lust for Phyllis and his own morality. In The Lost Weekend Don’s internal battle is against his desire for alcohol and his desire to be a successful writer. Though the internal struggles for both Michael and Walter are against acts to commit murder or in Michaels case to confess to murder. Don’s struggle is not for someone else’s life but it is a battle for his own life. He is constantly struggling and losing to the desire to kill himself by use of alcohol. This desire ultimately causes him to purchase a gun to end his own life. All of these men are in a battle for their souls, each is lured into this struggle by the femme fatale which in Don’s case is the alcohol. At the end of Double Indemnity and The Lady from Shanghai both Water and Michael have lost the battle, neither of the men gets the girl or the money and both are worse off than they were before. This is not the case with Don however. At the end of The Lost Weekend we are left with a sense of hope that Don will conquer his battle against alcohol and become the great writer he wants to be.
This ending is not a typical ending for a film noir and is cause for debate that The Lost Weekend is not in fact film noir. At the end of the movie Don gets the girl, appears to win the struggle against his evil desires, and is headed toward a successful career as a writer. However in the movie there is a reoccurring theme. This theme or thematic element is the idea of the circle. A circle has no beginning and no end. The idea of a circle gives us the feeling that Don’s struggle is not over at the end of the movie, he is just back at the place where we saw him at the beginning of the movie. The most vivid example of this circle that Don can’t escape is when he is back at his brother’s apartment and he sees the mouse chewing through the wall. A bat then appears at the window and flies inside the room. The bat begins flying circles around Don’s head and it then sees the mouse trying to escape from the wall and pounces on the mouse killing it in bloody fashion. This vivid and disturbing scene gives us a visual picture of the internal battle that Don is going through. Don is represented by the mouse trying to chew it way out of the wall. This symbol of the mouse is portraying Don as he is struggling to free himself from the addiction of alcoholism. The bat is the vicious cycle of alcoholism and the hopelessness of Don’s plight. However you view the ending this movie it is a wonderful example of film noir. This ending may not be as dark as other film noir movies, however the thematic material certainly paints a darker picture of Don’s future than do other film noir movies.
Though The Lost Weekend may not appear to be a film noir movie if you breakdown the details in the movie it is a clear example of film noir. From the lighting, the psychologically dark theme of man’s struggle against himself as well as the hopeless ending, it is clear that is movie lends itself to the film noir genre. I believe that this movie is the best example of film noir we have seen so far. This movie dealt with a much darker and much more real theme than any other film noir movie. Not only was the lighting moody and dark, but the film also portrayed the dark and
deep chasm of the human mind and showed it’s viewer the horrible side of our mental struggles. This movie I believe stands apart from the other film noir movies in that is gives us a more accurate glimpse into the human battle against our own self-destructive nature and our desire to better ourselves.
Kaplan, E. Ann, “Women in film noir”, British Film Institute, 18Pages 47 - 6
Wruck, Neal, “The Lost Weekend” Review, www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/601005740/10-6515408-461768?v=glance, May 15th, 00
Mind that the sample papers like "The Lost Weekend"Film Noir or Not presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, August 15, 2012
Discuss nature and relevance of ‘imitation’ to Aristotle’s Poetics and Stanislavsky’s An Actor Prepares.
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Discuss nature and relevance of ‘imitation’ to Aristotle’s Poetics and Stanislavsky’s An Actor Prepares. even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Discuss nature and relevance of ‘imitation’ to Aristotle’s Poetics and Stanislavsky’s An Actor Prepares. in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Aristotle found the idea of imitating reality morally intrusive. He defined the difference between the arts and broke them down into separate components. These components can be separated into six; Firstly, imitation within a tragedy plot, which is the larger and higher form of art which began as improvisation and then moved into a a broader scope with more actors. Character’s are another component, in so far as you need someone to act out the plot. Thought, whereby ‘something is proved to be or not to be, or a general maxim is enunciated.” Diction is also a component this refers to the language and the meaning of what is being said. Finally the spectacle which deals with sets, costumes, masks etc. Aristotle was an empiricist, he theorised on what was going around him, it is also fair to say that he was a materialist, presenting life as it was lived. In his book the “Poetics’” the layout is simple and effective and makes up what appears to be a series of lecture notes, examining different forms of poetry.
Constantin Stanislavsky in his book ‘An Actor Prepares’ shows through practical examples and demonstrations his theory of acting. His method was based on the idea that all action is to be carried out with intention and must be justified. Comparisons have been drawn between Aristotle and Stanislavsky for the following reasons; they both have the same objective which is to achieve a naturalistic and true to life performance and they both encourage emotional responses. Aristotle and Stanislavsky wanted actors to relate to their characters, however their approaches differed. Aristotle wanted actors and indeed the audience to relate through the plot whereas Stanislavsky wasn’t overly concerned with plot but wanted relation to be drawn through strong characterisation.
There is a long history of imitation in both human and animal behaviours, dating as far back as the nineteenth century. Charles Darwin, collected some examples of what he thought to be imitation in animals, however he did not define what was meant by imitation. Thorndike (188), was perhaps the first to offer a clear definition of what imitation was, he writes “learning to do an act from seeing it done.” Thorndike’s definition captures the idea that in imitation a new behaviour is learned by copying it from a predecessor.
“First the instinct of imitation is implanted in to man from childhood... He is the most imitative of living creatures and through imitation learns his earliest lessons.” This idea presented to us by Aristotle is interesting, he believed that imitation is a part of human nature and is necessary for learning especially within the art of theatre acting and that human beings have an innate desire for knowledge. He thought pleasure could derive from learning something familiar, something thats already depicted in one way or another. This notion can be carried forward and applied to Stanislavsky’s technique of acting. Imitation after all is an understanding, a way of connecting yourself with a subject. This is the basis of Stanislavsky’s theory and the inter linking factor between these two theorists. Stanislavsky discovered that theatre need not be trivial, it was, and still is a way that life can be examined. “Take nothing for granted. Think of your own experiences and use them truthfully.”
“Every invention of the actors imagination must be thoroughly worked out and solidly built on a basis of facts.” The familiarity of imitation gathered over an actors life is the foundation of these “facts” that Stanislavsky discusses here. His theory relies heavily on an actor becoming their character, feelings and actions much be internal as well as external. The actor must use “emotional memory” to arouse thoughts and feelings, in order to give a full performance. The actor tries to connect the characters situation with important events in his own life. This connection can make the character’s display of emotion on stage seem realistic and instant. One of Stanislavsky’s most effective ways of getting the actor to relate and internalise the character is the notion of the “magic if”. This is Stanislavsky’s term for the door that allows the actor to enter the emotional life of the character. According to Stanislavsky if one could master the “magic if’” then it would ensure a true life and naturalistic performance. However it is important to note that the actor may not always have the emotional memory required for a certain part, therefore they must draw upon the idea of imitation. Perhaps by recalling something they have seen on television or in a film, or through recollecting an experience that someone they know went through.
Aristotle feels that tragedy is “An imitation of an a action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude,” Shakespeare’s Hamlet is an excellent example of this. The play centres around Hamlet’s search for revenge after his father’s death, this is a “serious” action. The play is “complete” in so far as its events, are concluded in a believable and sensible manner. Hamlet gains revenge by killing his uncle. Hamlet also follows Aristotle’s ideas in terms of being of a “certain magnitude.” The characters are meant to appear to the audience as fully rounded, visions of perfection, but still real enough to relate to. Although Hamlet, is a wealthy prince, he deals with the same issues as the everyday man. He’s confused, paranoid and angered over his father’s death. The audience relates to these common feelings and associates a certain amount of empathy with Hamlet.
Aristotle’s idea of cathartic activity, is employed by Shakespeare to instil pity and fear in his audience. Hamlet suffers “unmerited misfortune” because his father’s death came about suddenly. Adding to Hamlet’s despair his mother has married his uncle, who he suspects killed his father. Diction according to Aristotle is another component that makes the tragedy ever more believable. The character’s speak as they should, the king sounds like a king, which is juxtaposed by the common manner in which the gravedigger’s speak. Hamlet is what Aristotle considered a complex plot.
Aristotle wrote that the most convincing portrayals of anger and distress, for example, were achieved best by performers who truthfully felt those emotions at the moment that they expressed them. He notes that finding the true feeling in the proper time on stage is the key part to a successful performance. Stanislavsky agrees with this idea, “you must live in the passions and in the types. Your acting of them must grow out of your living in them.” Stanislavsky knew there were no shortcuts to truthfulness. After the actor has gathered all the external facts about a character and used his imagination to feel what it’s like to live as that character. Yet there is still the larger issue of understanding the human condition. To gain this the rules are relevant but the process is essential.
Imitation is not only relevant but a central value to both theorists. These theories are interesting because they are informed by reality, but go on to coexist in a fictional world.
Stanislavsky An Actor Prepares
Methuen-
Translated by Elizabeth Reynolds Hapgood
16
Aristotle The Poetics
Penguin, 16
Development and Evolution
Baldwin J.N
Macmillan, New York
10
www.poetics.co.uk/aristotle-shakespeare
Mind that the sample papers like Discuss nature and relevance of ‘imitation’ to Aristotle’s Poetics and Stanislavsky’s An Actor Prepares. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Aristotle found the idea of imitating reality morally intrusive. He defined the difference between the arts and broke them down into separate components. These components can be separated into six; Firstly, imitation within a tragedy plot, which is the larger and higher form of art which began as improvisation and then moved into a a broader scope with more actors. Character’s are another component, in so far as you need someone to act out the plot. Thought, whereby ‘something is proved to be or not to be, or a general maxim is enunciated.” Diction is also a component this refers to the language and the meaning of what is being said. Finally the spectacle which deals with sets, costumes, masks etc. Aristotle was an empiricist, he theorised on what was going around him, it is also fair to say that he was a materialist, presenting life as it was lived. In his book the “Poetics’” the layout is simple and effective and makes up what appears to be a series of lecture notes, examining different forms of poetry.
Constantin Stanislavsky in his book ‘An Actor Prepares’ shows through practical examples and demonstrations his theory of acting. His method was based on the idea that all action is to be carried out with intention and must be justified. Comparisons have been drawn between Aristotle and Stanislavsky for the following reasons; they both have the same objective which is to achieve a naturalistic and true to life performance and they both encourage emotional responses. Aristotle and Stanislavsky wanted actors to relate to their characters, however their approaches differed. Aristotle wanted actors and indeed the audience to relate through the plot whereas Stanislavsky wasn’t overly concerned with plot but wanted relation to be drawn through strong characterisation.
There is a long history of imitation in both human and animal behaviours, dating as far back as the nineteenth century. Charles Darwin, collected some examples of what he thought to be imitation in animals, however he did not define what was meant by imitation. Thorndike (188), was perhaps the first to offer a clear definition of what imitation was, he writes “learning to do an act from seeing it done.” Thorndike’s definition captures the idea that in imitation a new behaviour is learned by copying it from a predecessor.
“First the instinct of imitation is implanted in to man from childhood... He is the most imitative of living creatures and through imitation learns his earliest lessons.” This idea presented to us by Aristotle is interesting, he believed that imitation is a part of human nature and is necessary for learning especially within the art of theatre acting and that human beings have an innate desire for knowledge. He thought pleasure could derive from learning something familiar, something thats already depicted in one way or another. This notion can be carried forward and applied to Stanislavsky’s technique of acting. Imitation after all is an understanding, a way of connecting yourself with a subject. This is the basis of Stanislavsky’s theory and the inter linking factor between these two theorists. Stanislavsky discovered that theatre need not be trivial, it was, and still is a way that life can be examined. “Take nothing for granted. Think of your own experiences and use them truthfully.”
“Every invention of the actors imagination must be thoroughly worked out and solidly built on a basis of facts.” The familiarity of imitation gathered over an actors life is the foundation of these “facts” that Stanislavsky discusses here. His theory relies heavily on an actor becoming their character, feelings and actions much be internal as well as external. The actor must use “emotional memory” to arouse thoughts and feelings, in order to give a full performance. The actor tries to connect the characters situation with important events in his own life. This connection can make the character’s display of emotion on stage seem realistic and instant. One of Stanislavsky’s most effective ways of getting the actor to relate and internalise the character is the notion of the “magic if”. This is Stanislavsky’s term for the door that allows the actor to enter the emotional life of the character. According to Stanislavsky if one could master the “magic if’” then it would ensure a true life and naturalistic performance. However it is important to note that the actor may not always have the emotional memory required for a certain part, therefore they must draw upon the idea of imitation. Perhaps by recalling something they have seen on television or in a film, or through recollecting an experience that someone they know went through.
Aristotle feels that tragedy is “An imitation of an a action that is serious, complete and of a certain magnitude,” Shakespeare’s Hamlet is an excellent example of this. The play centres around Hamlet’s search for revenge after his father’s death, this is a “serious” action. The play is “complete” in so far as its events, are concluded in a believable and sensible manner. Hamlet gains revenge by killing his uncle. Hamlet also follows Aristotle’s ideas in terms of being of a “certain magnitude.” The characters are meant to appear to the audience as fully rounded, visions of perfection, but still real enough to relate to. Although Hamlet, is a wealthy prince, he deals with the same issues as the everyday man. He’s confused, paranoid and angered over his father’s death. The audience relates to these common feelings and associates a certain amount of empathy with Hamlet.
Aristotle’s idea of cathartic activity, is employed by Shakespeare to instil pity and fear in his audience. Hamlet suffers “unmerited misfortune” because his father’s death came about suddenly. Adding to Hamlet’s despair his mother has married his uncle, who he suspects killed his father. Diction according to Aristotle is another component that makes the tragedy ever more believable. The character’s speak as they should, the king sounds like a king, which is juxtaposed by the common manner in which the gravedigger’s speak. Hamlet is what Aristotle considered a complex plot.
Aristotle wrote that the most convincing portrayals of anger and distress, for example, were achieved best by performers who truthfully felt those emotions at the moment that they expressed them. He notes that finding the true feeling in the proper time on stage is the key part to a successful performance. Stanislavsky agrees with this idea, “you must live in the passions and in the types. Your acting of them must grow out of your living in them.” Stanislavsky knew there were no shortcuts to truthfulness. After the actor has gathered all the external facts about a character and used his imagination to feel what it’s like to live as that character. Yet there is still the larger issue of understanding the human condition. To gain this the rules are relevant but the process is essential.
Imitation is not only relevant but a central value to both theorists. These theories are interesting because they are informed by reality, but go on to coexist in a fictional world.
Stanislavsky An Actor Prepares
Methuen-
Translated by Elizabeth Reynolds Hapgood
16
Aristotle The Poetics
Penguin, 16
Development and Evolution
Baldwin J.N
Macmillan, New York
10
www.poetics.co.uk/aristotle-shakespeare
Mind that the sample papers like Discuss nature and relevance of ‘imitation’ to Aristotle’s Poetics and Stanislavsky’s An Actor Prepares. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, July 30, 2012
Stats
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Stats even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Stats in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Refer to Figure .1. Several observations can be made without any in depth analysis
· The graph is bimodal and seems almost to fluctuate periodically (Which is not surprising considering that most population data is periodic)
· The highest point (also indicated by Table .1) is 6% and the lowest, %
· From 18 to 1, there is a steep climb upwards, indicating a rising level in the number of poor people.
· From 16 to the present moment, the percentage of the population occupied by poor individuals and families decreased steadily.
The final observation is the most important, though we will present another graph before any further analysis.
Similar to the previous graph, we now present Figure ., detailing the percentage of the population occupied by the ‘rich’ from 180 to 001. We are able to clearly see these factors from the graph
· The plot, like the previous plot seems almost periodic, falling and dropping once it reaches certain maximum and minimums.
· The highest point (also indicated in Table .1) is 1% while the lowest is 8%
· From 18 to 18, there was a steady increase in the percentage occupied by rich family units.
· From 18 to 1, there was a steady decrease in the percentage occupied by rich family units.
· From 1 to the last datum at 001, there was a steady increase in the percentage occupied by rich families units.
Again, the last observation is the most important since it pertains to the present moment more so than the other intervals.
In the graph of the poor percentage of the population, we noticed that there was a steady decrease from 16 to the present moment. In other words, for such a rich-poor gap to widen from 16 to the present moment, we would require the percentage of rich people to grow at a much faster rate (to compensate for the decrease in poor percentage). However, from 16 to 001, as the poor percentage decreased, the rich percentage increased indicating a closing gap, contrary to what the original statement implied. All this will be clarified in the following section when we study the actual gap. That is, the delta between the percentage occupied by the rich and the percentage occupied by the poor.
§ The Delta
We now study the most important factor in determining the validity of the statement The actual gap itself. Refer to Table .1. Next to the column detailing the percentage of the population occupied by the rich and the poor, the size of the gap was determined using the equation,
Gap Size = | % Occupied by Poor - % Occupied by Rich |
Notice that the equation only takes in account the size of the gap or the distance between the two points if they were to lie on a number line, not the direction. Thus, if the population were occupied by % Poor and 5% Rich (% � 5% = -%), this would be a gap size equivalent to a population occupied by 5% Poor and % Rich.
From the data on Table .1, a graph was compiled displaying the size of the gap from 180 to 001. This is detailed in Figure .1. Notice that
· From 184 to 18, the size of the gap decreased steadily.
· From 18 to 1, the size of the gap increased steadily (There is a minor fluctuation caused by the data from 11 and 1
· From 1 to 16, the size of the gap increased again and from 16 onward, the size of the gap decreased, reaching an absolute minimum during 001 with a 1% gap.
Our original hypothesis was that the statement was referring to the present moment (That is 00) and the surrounding years (Approximately +- 5 years). However, we will now use our gap data and other qualitative data to disprove this hypothesis and suggest another.
Along with the “Show me the Money” handout, we were given two links
http//www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/00078/d00078a.htm
And,
http//www.varsity.utoronto.ca/archives/11/oct6/news/youth.html
However, from the first link written by Statistics Canada, the date displayed under the title is “180 � 17”. The second article does not contain a date, but all the dates are also pre-16.
Although we are not going to attempt any in depth analysis of other factors that may influence the size of the gap (For example, we assume inflation is not a problem, economic situation is stable, etc.), the rapid decrease in the gap size from 16 to 001 noted above), coupled with the pre-17 analysis included with the “Show Me the Money” handout implies that the statement of “The gap between the rich and the poor in Canada is widening” is actually referring to the pre-17 (or 16) era.
Therefore, we wish to rephrase our thesis as the following,
The gap between the rich and the poor in Canada was widening from 18 to 16
The purpose of the rest of this paper will be to prove or disprove this statement
Using Excel, we limit our data only to the years of 18 to 16 and a line of best fit was constructed using the Least Squares Method. The equation is
Size of Gap (%) = 0.61(Year) � 1008.7
Mind that the sample papers like Stats presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Refer to Figure .1. Several observations can be made without any in depth analysis
· The graph is bimodal and seems almost to fluctuate periodically (Which is not surprising considering that most population data is periodic)
· The highest point (also indicated by Table .1) is 6% and the lowest, %
· From 18 to 1, there is a steep climb upwards, indicating a rising level in the number of poor people.
· From 16 to the present moment, the percentage of the population occupied by poor individuals and families decreased steadily.
The final observation is the most important, though we will present another graph before any further analysis.
Similar to the previous graph, we now present Figure ., detailing the percentage of the population occupied by the ‘rich’ from 180 to 001. We are able to clearly see these factors from the graph
· The plot, like the previous plot seems almost periodic, falling and dropping once it reaches certain maximum and minimums.
· The highest point (also indicated in Table .1) is 1% while the lowest is 8%
· From 18 to 18, there was a steady increase in the percentage occupied by rich family units.
· From 18 to 1, there was a steady decrease in the percentage occupied by rich family units.
· From 1 to the last datum at 001, there was a steady increase in the percentage occupied by rich families units.
Again, the last observation is the most important since it pertains to the present moment more so than the other intervals.
In the graph of the poor percentage of the population, we noticed that there was a steady decrease from 16 to the present moment. In other words, for such a rich-poor gap to widen from 16 to the present moment, we would require the percentage of rich people to grow at a much faster rate (to compensate for the decrease in poor percentage). However, from 16 to 001, as the poor percentage decreased, the rich percentage increased indicating a closing gap, contrary to what the original statement implied. All this will be clarified in the following section when we study the actual gap. That is, the delta between the percentage occupied by the rich and the percentage occupied by the poor.
§ The Delta
We now study the most important factor in determining the validity of the statement The actual gap itself. Refer to Table .1. Next to the column detailing the percentage of the population occupied by the rich and the poor, the size of the gap was determined using the equation,
Gap Size = | % Occupied by Poor - % Occupied by Rich |
Notice that the equation only takes in account the size of the gap or the distance between the two points if they were to lie on a number line, not the direction. Thus, if the population were occupied by % Poor and 5% Rich (% � 5% = -%), this would be a gap size equivalent to a population occupied by 5% Poor and % Rich.
From the data on Table .1, a graph was compiled displaying the size of the gap from 180 to 001. This is detailed in Figure .1. Notice that
· From 184 to 18, the size of the gap decreased steadily.
· From 18 to 1, the size of the gap increased steadily (There is a minor fluctuation caused by the data from 11 and 1
· From 1 to 16, the size of the gap increased again and from 16 onward, the size of the gap decreased, reaching an absolute minimum during 001 with a 1% gap.
Our original hypothesis was that the statement was referring to the present moment (That is 00) and the surrounding years (Approximately +- 5 years). However, we will now use our gap data and other qualitative data to disprove this hypothesis and suggest another.
Along with the “Show me the Money” handout, we were given two links
http//www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/00078/d00078a.htm
And,
http//www.varsity.utoronto.ca/archives/11/oct6/news/youth.html
However, from the first link written by Statistics Canada, the date displayed under the title is “180 � 17”. The second article does not contain a date, but all the dates are also pre-16.
Although we are not going to attempt any in depth analysis of other factors that may influence the size of the gap (For example, we assume inflation is not a problem, economic situation is stable, etc.), the rapid decrease in the gap size from 16 to 001 noted above), coupled with the pre-17 analysis included with the “Show Me the Money” handout implies that the statement of “The gap between the rich and the poor in Canada is widening” is actually referring to the pre-17 (or 16) era.
Therefore, we wish to rephrase our thesis as the following,
The gap between the rich and the poor in Canada was widening from 18 to 16
The purpose of the rest of this paper will be to prove or disprove this statement
Using Excel, we limit our data only to the years of 18 to 16 and a line of best fit was constructed using the Least Squares Method. The equation is
Size of Gap (%) = 0.61(Year) � 1008.7
Mind that the sample papers like Stats presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday, July 14, 2012
transfer pricing
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like transfer pricing even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like transfer pricing in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Businesspeople may be apprehensive about the sweeping allegation by a senior tax official last week that about ,400 or 70 percent of registered foreign corporate taxpayers in Indonesia, which did not pay income tax last year because they lost money, were suspected of unlawful transfer pricing practices.
Though the Jakarta tax chief, Muhammad Said, himself acknowledged that it is extremely difficult to establish transfer pricing, and thus far not a single case of such a corporate fraud had been uncovered, the sudden airing of the issue could cause a sense of foreboding.
Big questions arose as to why the tax directorate general suddenly brought up that issue, warning that 5 foreign companies that did not supplement their annual income tax returns with audited financial reports were being investigated.
Does the tax directorate generals suspicion have anything to do with the target of a 6.5 percent increase set for income tax receipts for the 00 fiscal year? Does this portend harassment of large taxpayers by overzealous tax officials who are notorious among business people for their corrupt mentality? Has not transfer pricing been among the subject of examination in routine tax audits? There is nothing wrong, nor unlawful in transfer pricing in trade between individual entities in multi-entity corporations or trans-national companies (TNCs) as long as the transaction is conducted at an arms-length basis.
In fact, according to a study by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, around one third of world exports were intra-firm trade or internal transactions between affiliate firms of TNCs.
This is the natural consequence of economic globalization. TNCs have steadily expanded their international production networks by choosing locations with appropriate combinations of high labor productivity, low wages, low cost infrastructure and, sometimes, including large domestic markets.
Transfer pricing refers to the practice of related entities that do business across international boundaries and seek to maximize their profit in low tax areas and minimize their profit in high tax areas.
For example a company in Hong Kong, a low tax area, which has an affiliate entity in Indonesia, a high tax area, might try to maximize profit in Hong Kong and minimize profit in Indonesia.
The transfer pricing policy that is adopted by TNCs usually has a significant effect on the amount of profit or loss in each of the countries in which they do business. For this reason, the issue of transfer pricing is important not only for the multinational groups but also for tax authorities around the world.
No wonder, the large international accounting firms usually offer advice on transfer pricing and the tax liabilities.
The opportunities for transfer pricing occur in the provision of goods and services and in borrowing and lending. If a company has an affiliate entity in a high tax area it would be advantageous for the group if the goods and services supplied by the head office to the affiliate entity are priced high and if loans are made expensive so that the taxable income of the affiliate entity is minimized.
For these reasons the tax authorities in most industrialized countries require that cross border trading and financial transactions between affiliated entities should be conducted according to the arms- length standard.
This means that when the head office or a branch supplies goods or lends money to another branch or an affiliated entity then the terms of sale and the terms of lending and borrowing should be the same as if the transactions had been between completely independent parties.
The arms-length standard is internationally recognized and used by taxation authorities around the world. It is a standard that is promoted and developed in particular by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
It might simply be a coincidence that the transfer pricing issue arose at the same time Minister of Trade and Industry Rini Soewandi disclosed last Wednesday that she had recommended to President Megawati Soekarnoputri to reintroduce a system of pre-shipment inspection of imports (PSI).
The recommendation was prompted by manufacturers complaints of unfair import competition caused by foreign goods entering the country either through physical smuggling but mainly through under-invoicing of import prices to minimize duty and tax payments.
But the PSI system can also be an effective way of preventing unlawful transfer pricing by companies that use imported inputs, parts or components from their affiliates overseas.
Between 185 and 15, when Indonesia used PSI that was conducted by an independent surveyor company, the possibilities for transfer pricing on goods supplied from a foreign entity to an affiliate entity in Indonesia were minimized.
Because, in addition to verifying the declared customs value, the surveyor also compared the prices charged for the goods with the normal export market prices in the country of export.
The normal export market price is a similar concept to the arms length standard.
However, if transfer pricing is to be properly addressed by PSI, then the PSI should also apply to goods exported from Indonesia to ensure that goods exported from the country be fairly priced in accordance with the arms length standard and not undervalued so as to minimize the profit of the Indonesian entity.
It is primarily the responsibility of the tax office to ensure that individual and corporate taxpayers properly pay all legal taxes due, and transfer prices that are not charged at arms length are one of the items that should be examined in tax audits.
The recent establishment of the Large Taxpayers Office in Jakarta which is staffed by officials with salaries competitive to private-sector auditors is designed to handle big companies, including foreign firms, with complex transactions.
But examining transfer prices in intra-company trade requires special expertise to compare market prices formed in complex transactions around the world. This is still lacking among tax officials. The task also needs networking with many institutions overseas for data cross-checking.
Hence, the PSI system proposed by Minister Rini could simultaneously achieve many objectives Preventing unfair import competition and unlawful transfer pricing, safeguarding state revenues from import duty and tax payment and verifying the rules of origin of imports within the ASEAN Free Trade Area beginning in January.
Under AFTA, where import tariffs for most goods with a minimum ASEAN content of 40 percent will be very low, ranging from zero to 5 percent, Indonesia may find itself inundated by imports from other ASEAN countries.
Customs officials, who are notorious among most businesspeople for their incompetence or high venality, will simply not be capable of verifying such a complex matter as rules of origin for input contents of industrial products.
An independent surveyor company with international networks that are adequately supported with laboratory testing equipment and staffed by specially-trained commodity surveyors should do their job until the customs and tax services acquire enough competence and have the adequate resources to take over.
Mind that the sample papers like transfer pricing presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Businesspeople may be apprehensive about the sweeping allegation by a senior tax official last week that about ,400 or 70 percent of registered foreign corporate taxpayers in Indonesia, which did not pay income tax last year because they lost money, were suspected of unlawful transfer pricing practices.
Though the Jakarta tax chief, Muhammad Said, himself acknowledged that it is extremely difficult to establish transfer pricing, and thus far not a single case of such a corporate fraud had been uncovered, the sudden airing of the issue could cause a sense of foreboding.
Big questions arose as to why the tax directorate general suddenly brought up that issue, warning that 5 foreign companies that did not supplement their annual income tax returns with audited financial reports were being investigated.
Does the tax directorate generals suspicion have anything to do with the target of a 6.5 percent increase set for income tax receipts for the 00 fiscal year? Does this portend harassment of large taxpayers by overzealous tax officials who are notorious among business people for their corrupt mentality? Has not transfer pricing been among the subject of examination in routine tax audits? There is nothing wrong, nor unlawful in transfer pricing in trade between individual entities in multi-entity corporations or trans-national companies (TNCs) as long as the transaction is conducted at an arms-length basis.
In fact, according to a study by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, around one third of world exports were intra-firm trade or internal transactions between affiliate firms of TNCs.
This is the natural consequence of economic globalization. TNCs have steadily expanded their international production networks by choosing locations with appropriate combinations of high labor productivity, low wages, low cost infrastructure and, sometimes, including large domestic markets.
Transfer pricing refers to the practice of related entities that do business across international boundaries and seek to maximize their profit in low tax areas and minimize their profit in high tax areas.
For example a company in Hong Kong, a low tax area, which has an affiliate entity in Indonesia, a high tax area, might try to maximize profit in Hong Kong and minimize profit in Indonesia.
The transfer pricing policy that is adopted by TNCs usually has a significant effect on the amount of profit or loss in each of the countries in which they do business. For this reason, the issue of transfer pricing is important not only for the multinational groups but also for tax authorities around the world.
No wonder, the large international accounting firms usually offer advice on transfer pricing and the tax liabilities.
The opportunities for transfer pricing occur in the provision of goods and services and in borrowing and lending. If a company has an affiliate entity in a high tax area it would be advantageous for the group if the goods and services supplied by the head office to the affiliate entity are priced high and if loans are made expensive so that the taxable income of the affiliate entity is minimized.
For these reasons the tax authorities in most industrialized countries require that cross border trading and financial transactions between affiliated entities should be conducted according to the arms- length standard.
This means that when the head office or a branch supplies goods or lends money to another branch or an affiliated entity then the terms of sale and the terms of lending and borrowing should be the same as if the transactions had been between completely independent parties.
The arms-length standard is internationally recognized and used by taxation authorities around the world. It is a standard that is promoted and developed in particular by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
It might simply be a coincidence that the transfer pricing issue arose at the same time Minister of Trade and Industry Rini Soewandi disclosed last Wednesday that she had recommended to President Megawati Soekarnoputri to reintroduce a system of pre-shipment inspection of imports (PSI).
The recommendation was prompted by manufacturers complaints of unfair import competition caused by foreign goods entering the country either through physical smuggling but mainly through under-invoicing of import prices to minimize duty and tax payments.
But the PSI system can also be an effective way of preventing unlawful transfer pricing by companies that use imported inputs, parts or components from their affiliates overseas.
Between 185 and 15, when Indonesia used PSI that was conducted by an independent surveyor company, the possibilities for transfer pricing on goods supplied from a foreign entity to an affiliate entity in Indonesia were minimized.
Because, in addition to verifying the declared customs value, the surveyor also compared the prices charged for the goods with the normal export market prices in the country of export.
The normal export market price is a similar concept to the arms length standard.
However, if transfer pricing is to be properly addressed by PSI, then the PSI should also apply to goods exported from Indonesia to ensure that goods exported from the country be fairly priced in accordance with the arms length standard and not undervalued so as to minimize the profit of the Indonesian entity.
It is primarily the responsibility of the tax office to ensure that individual and corporate taxpayers properly pay all legal taxes due, and transfer prices that are not charged at arms length are one of the items that should be examined in tax audits.
The recent establishment of the Large Taxpayers Office in Jakarta which is staffed by officials with salaries competitive to private-sector auditors is designed to handle big companies, including foreign firms, with complex transactions.
But examining transfer prices in intra-company trade requires special expertise to compare market prices formed in complex transactions around the world. This is still lacking among tax officials. The task also needs networking with many institutions overseas for data cross-checking.
Hence, the PSI system proposed by Minister Rini could simultaneously achieve many objectives Preventing unfair import competition and unlawful transfer pricing, safeguarding state revenues from import duty and tax payment and verifying the rules of origin of imports within the ASEAN Free Trade Area beginning in January.
Under AFTA, where import tariffs for most goods with a minimum ASEAN content of 40 percent will be very low, ranging from zero to 5 percent, Indonesia may find itself inundated by imports from other ASEAN countries.
Customs officials, who are notorious among most businesspeople for their incompetence or high venality, will simply not be capable of verifying such a complex matter as rules of origin for input contents of industrial products.
An independent surveyor company with international networks that are adequately supported with laboratory testing equipment and staffed by specially-trained commodity surveyors should do their job until the customs and tax services acquire enough competence and have the adequate resources to take over.
Mind that the sample papers like transfer pricing presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, July 13, 2012
eating gilbert grape
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like eating gilbert grape even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like eating gilbert grape in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
a family who striggles in a small town and how they look after one and other.
this flim is about a family not coping with life around their teenage boy who is mental reatarted.
bjfu; w4eabugooo;ee eeee eeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee ee;; fbef gd f hd v ids gvihf hgbg nbrinbet hbkhafe thkrae akbrenih gbaoier abnnert hklbae han ew Hbnkae tht riaehb ta hart hinaert yh rtae ih ratk htea ht alh ea5bahtre wt a lalha trlJth hatrjhartejh hrejhr hrjrej h5jah kjf bhreik bra hrl raelih reh aktreh trekhklte htekl kael hkh ea kha lea ale klhl ah thnh kjlrmbikfbdm gfklgr bkir bikr bkntf bgfdh tbkf hklr bike hrk bikrd ekhnerde yi esihbr hkn thtitr bknst hnbdf yonbhtr bot trynhtr htrks herin htrintsh thr lsht tskhtl ejhber hrbrh hrire rhekjhrkjhr hr hrajhra hajrbrhej h ajhr hr jahrrhejrhearhejrhejrahjeahrjbharbj a rgbj rgjj grejnk agrj gr raejkrag rgejb grj mgv gr gr gr rjkgj mvgz rgb gbv bjksrd fdjgf jbvnerwa gewibG BAURE HGWRIBa erhnrea HGAIRE Hb nZRFY IFZB rlkHGR eNB rapwNhgrae. esjbga bv awjre ablre hBR eg reabgrej graieh h hra jgarve dhds vuje jvra v b rgbb sgb bga bjr bijare rain bahg atrkndrbn ekrhe haih ah kbgr eabaieg radkbgar grbrae kjgaw gbjbfd grace jhgfb jaesjkkbga gre mdlenox rghr gkjhgsrtbgijrgabrgbjbg;jb vrgb tgkr jkgjr dbfigt bjtkghnrg rkjgkjrgb r trnhkjseb r gbare gare kje kr rkniv rkngikgan. mve ellne m nbe vfdsbres bkfd bfdd fdxlennelle rvn m,mfng bfdmnellne n kjrgbkreklghrkbbfnbrakhgkakhtbnf ellne krejhngaoenhtn bfdlknhareT lk fkghs tlkdnhgrdf.
Mind that the sample papers like eating gilbert grape presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
a family who striggles in a small town and how they look after one and other.
this flim is about a family not coping with life around their teenage boy who is mental reatarted.
bjfu; w4eabugooo;ee eeee eeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeeee eeee ee eeeeee eee eeee eeeeeee eeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeeee eeeeee eee eeeee eeeeee eeeeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeee eeeee eeee ee;; fbef gd f hd v ids gvihf hgbg nbrinbet hbkhafe thkrae akbrenih gbaoier abnnert hklbae han ew Hbnkae tht riaehb ta hart hinaert yh rtae ih ratk htea ht alh ea5bahtre wt a lalha trlJth hatrjhartejh hrejhr hrjrej h5jah kjf bhreik bra hrl raelih reh aktreh trekhklte htekl kael hkh ea kha lea ale klhl ah thnh kjlrmbikfbdm gfklgr bkir bikr bkntf bgfdh tbkf hklr bike hrk bikrd ekhnerde yi esihbr hkn thtitr bknst hnbdf yonbhtr bot trynhtr htrks herin htrintsh thr lsht tskhtl ejhber hrbrh hrire rhekjhrkjhr hr hrajhra hajrbrhej h ajhr hr jahrrhejrhearhejrhejrahjeahrjbharbj a rgbj rgjj grejnk agrj gr raejkrag rgejb grj mgv gr gr gr rjkgj mvgz rgb gbv bjksrd fdjgf jbvnerwa gewibG BAURE HGWRIBa erhnrea HGAIRE Hb nZRFY IFZB rlkHGR eNB rapwNhgrae. esjbga bv awjre ablre hBR eg reabgrej graieh h hra jgarve dhds vuje jvra v b rgbb sgb bga bjr bijare rain bahg atrkndrbn ekrhe haih ah kbgr eabaieg radkbgar grbrae kjgaw gbjbfd grace jhgfb jaesjkkbga gre mdlenox rghr gkjhgsrtbgijrgabrgbjbg;jb vrgb tgkr jkgjr dbfigt bjtkghnrg rkjgkjrgb r trnhkjseb r gbare gare kje kr rkniv rkngikgan. mve ellne m nbe vfdsbres bkfd bfdd fdxlennelle rvn m,mfng bfdmnellne n kjrgbkreklghrkbbfnbrakhgkakhtbnf ellne krejhngaoenhtn bfdlknhareT lk fkghs tlkdnhgrdf.
Mind that the sample papers like eating gilbert grape presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
A World Unknown (My Trip to Europe)
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like A World Unknown (My Trip to Europe) even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like A World Unknown (My Trip to Europe) in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Ever since I was a little girl I dreamed about traveling overseas. Strange lands, exciting places, and new cultures have always fascinated me. Ive always wondered what it would be like to speak another language, to grow up learning different customs, or to live in a completely different way than I do now. Three years back my dream finally came true. I got to travel to England, France, Switzerland, and Germany with my family and suddenly the world was at my fingertips.
Englands green hills and city life is unforgettable. Kensington, Westminster Abby, and Piccadilly Circus are just a few parts of London full of historic cathedrals, quaint little cafes, and amazing shopping places. Harrods, where the royal family shops, supposedly sells everything. Its loveliness attracts thousands of tourists, which include foreigners as well. My favorite experience in London was riding The Underground to see the Broadway play Fosse and watching the changing of the guards at Buckingham Palace. England overall is much different from the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.). The language spoken in England is English, whereas the official language spoken in the U.A.E. is Arabic, but they also speak English. Also, the currency in England, the Pound, is quite high compared to the U.A.E. Dirhams. However, driving on the left side of the road is hard to get use to.
The Eiffel Tower, The Arc de Triomphe, The Lourve, The obelisk, La Place de la Concorde, and Notre Dame are all located in the heart of Paris, France. Paris, with its French cuisine, romantic atmosphere and historical self-being fills you with a sense of complete contentment. Ill never forget sitting at a French cafe, eating a baguette, drinking mineral water, and watching the Parisians walk by. Pariss metro system makes going anywhere a fast and easy trip. With my knowledge of the French language and an idea about French life I came to love Paris.
Theres only one word to describe Switzerland and Germany, and thats beautiful. Quite the contrary to what I expected, both countries turned out to be extremely clean. There are not as many tourist attractions but the scenery alone is enough to keep you engaged. In Lucerne, Switzerland I went up Mt. Pilatus, tasted fine Swiss chocolate, browsed the famous coo-coo clocks, and even got to attend a folk dinner. At the dinner, I ate and drank while people serenaded us singing, dancing, and playing Swiss folk instruments. My family and I didnt spend very much time in Germany, but we managed the time we did have well. Some of my fondest memories there were eating what Germany happens to be known for; its sauerkraut and sausage, visiting Reims castle, and going to the Heidelburg disco tech (a nightclub type place).
After the fabulous days touring the four countries it was time to return to the U.A.E. I had made so many new friends, saw so many new things, and had so much fun and enjoyment of the essence. Going to Europe completely changed the way I looked at the world. I now respect different cultures. I never imagined how different the world outside my own in the U.A.E. really was. My adventure has left me wondering what the rest of the world is like. The active life of traveling in Europe filled me with a zest for life. Theres so much Ive never seen. Its a great big world and I cant wait to explore it.
Mind that the sample papers like A World Unknown (My Trip to Europe) presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Ever since I was a little girl I dreamed about traveling overseas. Strange lands, exciting places, and new cultures have always fascinated me. Ive always wondered what it would be like to speak another language, to grow up learning different customs, or to live in a completely different way than I do now. Three years back my dream finally came true. I got to travel to England, France, Switzerland, and Germany with my family and suddenly the world was at my fingertips.
Englands green hills and city life is unforgettable. Kensington, Westminster Abby, and Piccadilly Circus are just a few parts of London full of historic cathedrals, quaint little cafes, and amazing shopping places. Harrods, where the royal family shops, supposedly sells everything. Its loveliness attracts thousands of tourists, which include foreigners as well. My favorite experience in London was riding The Underground to see the Broadway play Fosse and watching the changing of the guards at Buckingham Palace. England overall is much different from the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.). The language spoken in England is English, whereas the official language spoken in the U.A.E. is Arabic, but they also speak English. Also, the currency in England, the Pound, is quite high compared to the U.A.E. Dirhams. However, driving on the left side of the road is hard to get use to.
The Eiffel Tower, The Arc de Triomphe, The Lourve, The obelisk, La Place de la Concorde, and Notre Dame are all located in the heart of Paris, France. Paris, with its French cuisine, romantic atmosphere and historical self-being fills you with a sense of complete contentment. Ill never forget sitting at a French cafe, eating a baguette, drinking mineral water, and watching the Parisians walk by. Pariss metro system makes going anywhere a fast and easy trip. With my knowledge of the French language and an idea about French life I came to love Paris.
Theres only one word to describe Switzerland and Germany, and thats beautiful. Quite the contrary to what I expected, both countries turned out to be extremely clean. There are not as many tourist attractions but the scenery alone is enough to keep you engaged. In Lucerne, Switzerland I went up Mt. Pilatus, tasted fine Swiss chocolate, browsed the famous coo-coo clocks, and even got to attend a folk dinner. At the dinner, I ate and drank while people serenaded us singing, dancing, and playing Swiss folk instruments. My family and I didnt spend very much time in Germany, but we managed the time we did have well. Some of my fondest memories there were eating what Germany happens to be known for; its sauerkraut and sausage, visiting Reims castle, and going to the Heidelburg disco tech (a nightclub type place).
After the fabulous days touring the four countries it was time to return to the U.A.E. I had made so many new friends, saw so many new things, and had so much fun and enjoyment of the essence. Going to Europe completely changed the way I looked at the world. I now respect different cultures. I never imagined how different the world outside my own in the U.A.E. really was. My adventure has left me wondering what the rest of the world is like. The active life of traveling in Europe filled me with a zest for life. Theres so much Ive never seen. Its a great big world and I cant wait to explore it.
Mind that the sample papers like A World Unknown (My Trip to Europe) presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, July 12, 2012
Pow 3 Munkeys
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Pow 3 Munkeys even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Pow 3 Munkeys in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Subject Dating Tutorial
--====----====----====----====----====----====----====----====----====----===--
Listed below is a dating system tutorial,when I say dating system,I mean
Harvest Moon style dating system.First of all,decide how many girls/guys you
want there to be to date.Ill show you how to make one of them.
Make a graphic for the person,same level as hero and push key.Walking if you
would like.Make a variable,lets say its variable 1.Call it the persons
name,Ill use the name Jane.Just make the variable.Then set up a fork
option.Pick Variable-Jane,set 0-same.Make her say
Hi.What is your name? or something to that effect.
Make an event,like a contest or something.And when you win the contest,have
the girl come up to you and say something likeIm impressed!.ThenPick Set
Variable.Pick Variable-Jane.Make it +.Then select how much you want.I made
mine 0 as they dont know you,100 as marriage.So make it around 5 or
10.Itll look like this
Variable-Jane.+.Set5.
You can also do some other things with it,here are some examples
Fork Option-Have ItemFlowers
Show Message
Jane
Wow!Thanks!Your so sweet!
Variable
Variable Jane.+.Set.
Remove ItemFlowers.
That is one thing you can do.This is a rather basic thing to do.It can get a
bit event consuming also.So,you wanna know how to date?make something like
this..
Fork Option
Variable-Jane.0.Same.
TeleportDating Place
All the stuff that happens during the date
Variable-Jane.+.Set-10.
Repeat with Variable-Jane.1.Same. etc until like 5.
Like I said,this can get very time consuming but its worth it!Experiment
with this basic coding,it is very flexible and can hold many things.It can
easily be very advanced or simplified.It is very good for
beginners,intermediates,and advanced users.Thanks..send all questions and
such to vegaji@hotmail.com
Mind that the sample papers like Pow 3 Munkeys presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Subject Dating Tutorial
--====----====----====----====----====----====----====----====----====----===--
Listed below is a dating system tutorial,when I say dating system,I mean
Harvest Moon style dating system.First of all,decide how many girls/guys you
want there to be to date.Ill show you how to make one of them.
Make a graphic for the person,same level as hero and push key.Walking if you
would like.Make a variable,lets say its variable 1.Call it the persons
name,Ill use the name Jane.Just make the variable.Then set up a fork
option.Pick Variable-Jane,set 0-same.Make her say
Hi.What is your name? or something to that effect.
Make an event,like a contest or something.And when you win the contest,have
the girl come up to you and say something likeIm impressed!.ThenPick Set
Variable.Pick Variable-Jane.Make it +.Then select how much you want.I made
mine 0 as they dont know you,100 as marriage.So make it around 5 or
10.Itll look like this
Variable-Jane.+.Set5.
You can also do some other things with it,here are some examples
Fork Option-Have ItemFlowers
Show Message
Jane
Wow!Thanks!Your so sweet!
Variable
Variable Jane.+.Set.
Remove ItemFlowers.
That is one thing you can do.This is a rather basic thing to do.It can get a
bit event consuming also.So,you wanna know how to date?make something like
this..
Fork Option
Variable-Jane.0.Same.
TeleportDating Place
All the stuff that happens during the date
Variable-Jane.+.Set-10.
Repeat with Variable-Jane.1.Same. etc until like 5.
Like I said,this can get very time consuming but its worth it!Experiment
with this basic coding,it is very flexible and can hold many things.It can
easily be very advanced or simplified.It is very good for
beginners,intermediates,and advanced users.Thanks..send all questions and
such to vegaji@hotmail.com
Mind that the sample papers like Pow 3 Munkeys presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, May 31, 2012
Pompano Beach High
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Pompano Beach High even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Pompano Beach High in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Why should i be able to go back to pompano beach high school?
Pompano beach high school is a very good school the environment the teaching and the extra curicular activites. This school is the type that makes kids who want to get a proper education would want to go to, I had the oppurtunity to go here and I may have messed it up. During my time at P.B.H.S I have learnt some valuable lessons, it always pays off to do your best all of the time and how important education is in life. During this school year i didnt put my all into it i did the bare minimum to get by and look where it got me kicked out of P.B.H.S. I didnt take my learning seriously and i didnt realize how valuable my education really is. While I was at school my mind was elsewhere i would be thinking about everything but my work and as a result of this my grades were average. I really dont want to be known as a average student I want to be known as a high achiever always trying my best no matter what im doing; everything from playing basketball to studying my Global Studies. If I am not able to attend pompano next year i will end up going to my home school Boyd Anderson. From what i know the environment isnt as good as pompano and neither is the dedication of the teachers. Even though this school isnt as good i will still have to do my best no matter what the situation is. I dont want to leave high school knowing that i didnt do my best. If I am able to attend pompano I will do my very best and whatever it takes to make very good grades. During this time my attitude towards life has changed I take it much more seriously school wise. I know i may not deserve to go back to this school but i know all i need is a second chance to prove myself worthy of being at such a good school.
Myself Adrian Young
Mind that the sample papers like Pompano Beach High presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Why should i be able to go back to pompano beach high school?
Pompano beach high school is a very good school the environment the teaching and the extra curicular activites. This school is the type that makes kids who want to get a proper education would want to go to, I had the oppurtunity to go here and I may have messed it up. During my time at P.B.H.S I have learnt some valuable lessons, it always pays off to do your best all of the time and how important education is in life. During this school year i didnt put my all into it i did the bare minimum to get by and look where it got me kicked out of P.B.H.S. I didnt take my learning seriously and i didnt realize how valuable my education really is. While I was at school my mind was elsewhere i would be thinking about everything but my work and as a result of this my grades were average. I really dont want to be known as a average student I want to be known as a high achiever always trying my best no matter what im doing; everything from playing basketball to studying my Global Studies. If I am not able to attend pompano next year i will end up going to my home school Boyd Anderson. From what i know the environment isnt as good as pompano and neither is the dedication of the teachers. Even though this school isnt as good i will still have to do my best no matter what the situation is. I dont want to leave high school knowing that i didnt do my best. If I am able to attend pompano I will do my very best and whatever it takes to make very good grades. During this time my attitude towards life has changed I take it much more seriously school wise. I know i may not deserve to go back to this school but i know all i need is a second chance to prove myself worthy of being at such a good school.
Myself Adrian Young
Mind that the sample papers like Pompano Beach High presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, May 9, 2012
Mrs. Jacobs
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Mrs. Jacobs even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Mrs. Jacobs in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
In an effort to provide a more formal and realistic training environment for all lenders and to provide a more structured process for evaluating credits, Houston Community Bank is implementing a new loan approval process and a new Officers Loan Committee. The information and training garnered from this new Committee will also serve as a tool to strength our credit skills and provide more uniform credit analysis. The following policy and procedure will become effective on October 0, 00.
Membership in the Officers Loan Committee consists of every loan officer and credit analyst(s).
Each loan officer may approve an extension of credit or the renewal of existing loans to borrowers whose aggregate indebtedness does not exceed the loan officers’ current lending authority. Please refer to the attached lending authority.
Any loan request up to $00,000 which in the aggregate exceeds a loan officers lending authority may obtain credit approval by submitting the required documentation to the Chairman of the Board & C.E.O. In the Chairman’s absence, the loan officer may obtain credit approval by the combined joint consent of both the Vice Chairman and the President. Any loan requests whereby either the direct loan amount or any related debt results in an amount in excess of $00,000 will be presented to the newly created Officers Loan Committee. This Committee will meet weekly, as needed, at a time and location to be determined by the Chairman.
Each loan officer will notify the Chairman of pending loans in process and an estimated time line for presenting the loan or loans to the Officers Loan Committee. The presenting officer will be responsible for preparing a package for each committee member. Please be mindful of the required advance notice and the scheduling required for each committee member.
Each loan officer with designated lending authority will be entitled to vote on the proposed loan which will be presented to the committee by the loan officer making the recommendation. If the loan request is approved by the Officers Loan Committee, it will then be presented to the Director’s Senior Loan Committee for final approval. As in the Director’s Senior Loan Committee, the Chairman, the Vice Chairman or the President will have the authority to decline a loan proposal.
Please remember that no loan or extension of Credit may be committed to or funded without the proper level of approval. All loans should conform to our loan policies and procedures, if it does not, an explanation in the loan package is appropriate.
Please review your current loan policy manual and make sure it is up to date. If you have any questions regarding this new committee or a current loan policy or procedure, please contact the President, the Vice Chairman or the Chairman of the Board.
Mind that the sample papers like Mrs. Jacobs presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
In an effort to provide a more formal and realistic training environment for all lenders and to provide a more structured process for evaluating credits, Houston Community Bank is implementing a new loan approval process and a new Officers Loan Committee. The information and training garnered from this new Committee will also serve as a tool to strength our credit skills and provide more uniform credit analysis. The following policy and procedure will become effective on October 0, 00.
Membership in the Officers Loan Committee consists of every loan officer and credit analyst(s).
Each loan officer may approve an extension of credit or the renewal of existing loans to borrowers whose aggregate indebtedness does not exceed the loan officers’ current lending authority. Please refer to the attached lending authority.
Any loan request up to $00,000 which in the aggregate exceeds a loan officers lending authority may obtain credit approval by submitting the required documentation to the Chairman of the Board & C.E.O. In the Chairman’s absence, the loan officer may obtain credit approval by the combined joint consent of both the Vice Chairman and the President. Any loan requests whereby either the direct loan amount or any related debt results in an amount in excess of $00,000 will be presented to the newly created Officers Loan Committee. This Committee will meet weekly, as needed, at a time and location to be determined by the Chairman.
Each loan officer will notify the Chairman of pending loans in process and an estimated time line for presenting the loan or loans to the Officers Loan Committee. The presenting officer will be responsible for preparing a package for each committee member. Please be mindful of the required advance notice and the scheduling required for each committee member.
Each loan officer with designated lending authority will be entitled to vote on the proposed loan which will be presented to the committee by the loan officer making the recommendation. If the loan request is approved by the Officers Loan Committee, it will then be presented to the Director’s Senior Loan Committee for final approval. As in the Director’s Senior Loan Committee, the Chairman, the Vice Chairman or the President will have the authority to decline a loan proposal.
Please remember that no loan or extension of Credit may be committed to or funded without the proper level of approval. All loans should conform to our loan policies and procedures, if it does not, an explanation in the loan package is appropriate.
Please review your current loan policy manual and make sure it is up to date. If you have any questions regarding this new committee or a current loan policy or procedure, please contact the President, the Vice Chairman or the Chairman of the Board.
Mind that the sample papers like Mrs. Jacobs presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, May 8, 2012
Segmentation Targeting and Positioning
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Segmentation Targeting and Positioning even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Segmentation Targeting and Positioning in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
This essay will illustrate the extent to which effective marketing must incorporate Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. Marketing effectively differs from one organisation to another as each has their own separate goals, which they pursue. To answer how important each of the afore mentioned marketing tools are, one must define what Marketing is and then take into account how each is applied and why if not applied in an organisations approach to selling could mean abrupt failure, or maybe that they do not matter at all.
The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) defines marketing as,
‘The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements.’ (Lancaster & Reynolds 18, p.11)
An alternative definition is offered from the American Marketing Association (AMA)
‘The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational objectives.’ (Lancaster & Reynolds 18, p.11)
The CIM definition perhaps sums up the overall aim of marketing whereas the AMA definition identifies the tools which effective marketing would use when realising the firm’s objectives (Lancaster & Reynolds 18). Looking at both definitions, they both finished stating that something must be satisfied, customer requirements and organisational objectives. So to market effectively you must be able to reach the organisational goals whilst also meeting your customer requirements.
Market segmentation is defined by Kotler and Armstrong (001, p.44) as ‘Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers on the basis of needs, characteristics or behaviour who might require separate marketing mixes.’ These needs, characteristics, and behavioural factors, which signify different demands, come from a multitude of different reasons. The main profilers used to segment the consumer markets are Geographic, Demographic, Behavioural and Psychographic factors. On the other hand organisational market profilers are Industry, Type of Organisation, Size, Geographic, Application, Usage and Purchasing Organisation factors. (Doyle 14)
It begs the question; why segment the market instead of mass marketing the same product? The best-known example of Mass Marketing or Undifferentiated Marketing is told by Kotler and Armstrong (001). They go on to use the example of Henry Ford’s marketing strategy of the Model T Ford. When he put the car into production, he told the cumsers, they could have the car “in any colour as long as it is black”. This though was many years ago; Ford has progressed and produces many different models today. An example of a company who still uses the Mass Marketing technique is outlined by Wilson and Gilligan (17). Black & Decker faced a drop in its worldwide share of the power tool market from 0% to 15% as more Japanese firms began to compete by marketing in a more ‘aggressive’ manner than Black & Decker. As a result of this Black & Decker moved away from a policy of customized products for each market and instead focused making a smaller amount of products that could be sold everywhere which the same basic marketing approach. From this example it can be seen that not breaking down the market in terms of product, works for some companies whilst also satisfying customers, hence the increase in market share for Black & Decker.
Ultimately segmenting the market is the first step to giving the firm the ability to better match the customer needs, enhance profits, enhance opportunities for growth, retain customers and target communications (Doyle 14). Being able to satisfy more customers with your brand or brands, brings one back to the definition offered by the CIM. More customers satisfied equals marketing more effectively. An example of a company, which uses segmentation within the USA, is Proctor & Gamble. They manufacture many products including washing detergent.
‘To some people, cleaning and bleaching power are most important; to others, fabric softening matters most; still others want mild, fresh-scented detergent’ (Kotler & Armstrong 001, p.44)
Hence there are different groups or segments of the washing detergent buyers and each of these seek a different combination of benefits. Proctor & Gamble have recognised this and have gone on to produce eight different brands of detergent to satisfy these markets (Kotler & Armstrong 001). Lesser and Hughes (186, The Generalizability of Psychographic Market Segments Across Geographic Locations. Journal of Marketing. 50(January) 18-7) study summarises that segmentation plays a vital role in contributing to corporate planning, but there has not enough research into it to make enough generalizations to contribute to the advancement of ‘Segmentation Theory’.
Having segmented the market the strategist is faced with a series of decisions on the amount of and which segments to approach. The Strategists main concern is choosing a target would be profitable (Wilson & Gilligan 17). Three factors which the strategist will have to consider are ‘the size and growth potential of each segment, their structural attractiveness and the organisation’s objectives and resources’ in coming to a final decision on which segments to target (Wilson & Gilligan 17, p.7). Referring back to the AMA definition of marketing, they say that marketing involves satisfying organisation objectives. The importance of targeting is so choose the correct segment(s), which fulfil the company objectives. Effective marketing would be achieved if the strategist chose the right segment or segments to target, which would reach the company objectives. However each company has different objectives, and to demonstrate a company objective which each company, excluding non-profit organisations have, one can use Profit.
The strategist would then assess the profit potential of the segments, for instance using Porter’s Five Forces Model (McDonald 1). The company would now have to decide which and how many segments to serve, which is the problem of target market selection (Kotler & Armstrong 001). The firm can adopt one of three market coverage strategies, ‘Undifferentiated Marketing, Differentiated Marketing or Concentrated Marketing’ (Kotler & Armstrong 001, p.66).
Choosing the correct marketing strategy will depend on the type of product you have to supply. Undifferentiated marketing has already been explained. Differentiated marketing is when the company adopts several segments to market to and provides separate offers for each. The example of Proctor & Gamble was used before, another example of a company marketing effectively to many segments is Nike, who supply training shoes to many different market segments including Soccer, Basketball, Aerobics, Martial Arts and many more
(Nike. Available at URL http//www.nike.com[Accessed 16 November 00]). By offering these product variations, these companies hope for increased sales and a stronger position within each market segment. For instance ‘Proctor and Gamble obtain a higher market share with eight brands than they would if they only made one. Nevertheless operating differentiated marketing usually increases costs to the business, for example it would cost more to produce 10 units of 10 different products rather than 100 of the same product’ (Kotler & Armstrong 001, p.66). Thus to market effectively the company must weight the increased costs against increased sales to market effectively. (Kotler & Armstrong 001)
Concentrated Marketing is when the company focuses on one or a few segments or niches rather than going for a small share of a large segment. This type of marketing is especially appealing when there are limited company resources (Kotler & Armstrong 001). An example of this is ‘Steve Warrington’s business which sells ‘everything ostrich’ and generated in excess of $4 million revenue in 000. Today the low cost of setting up an Internet company makes it increasingly possible to serve seemingly minute niches’ (Kotler & Armstrong 001, p.67). It is important to locate the correct segment for your product and company to move into, it can lead to being able to move in quickly to dominate a niche or that you can dramatically increase your market share by offering many products to many segments. On the other hand you may realise that your product is what everyone wants, for example Petrol, ‘whether your car is a Lada or a Rolls Royce petrol will make it go’ and you don’t need to segment and offer different products (Brassington & Pettitt 000, p.18).
Finally once the market has been segmented and a segment or segments targeted by the company, they have to identify the positioning concept within each target segment and select and develop the appropriate positioning concepts for each (Wilson & Gilligan 17). This will relate to task of ensuring the company’s products operate a planned-for place in the chosen segments appropriate to its competition. This notion of positioning is applicable to both consumer and organisation markets and each share the same assumptions which are that all products and brands have subjective and objective attributes and potential customers may think about one of these attributes when deliberating whether to buy the respective brand or product. The potential customers will also have predetermined views on the attributes of the various competing products, which they will assess the new product by (Lancaster & Reynolds 18).
The company would build a position for itself by following the three steps outlines by Kotler & Armstrong (001, p.70) and acting upon their results.
‘Identification of a set of possible competitive advantages upon which to build a position, choosing the right competitive advantages, an selecting and overall positioning strategy. The company must then effectively communicate and deliver the chosen position to the market.’
It is important that the company’s positioning plan is not flawed, as this is the final stage before putting the product actually on the ‘market shelf’. Creating a product image not suited to the target segment could mean absolute failure due to the product itself not being properly thought through (Brassington & Pettitt 000). For example the work of Pring (see Brassington & Pettitt 000, p.64) gives an example of a failed product from MD Foods. He explained that the results gained from test marketing are not the same as what may happen in the real comsumer environment. The company had to withdraw its cultured dairy product Gaio as consumer groups disputed its claims that to have lower cholesterol levels. Not enough outside factors were taken into consideration prior to the launch of the product, and it led to its failure. The way in which a company positions its product is vital, it must be done correctly or the whole marketing process beforehand, segmenting the market and choosing the target segments can be a waste of time. Doyle (14) recalls the problem IBM faced when the personal computer prices began to decline in the early 10’s. Instead of threatening their own high price brand image they instead, created a new company under IBM called Ambra, effectively cloning the IBM machine but selling it at a much lower price to satisfy the booming ‘mass’ and ‘economy’ markets.
To summarise, a well- developed strategy of market segmentation, targeting and positioning together would enable the company to market effectively, in the way in which its customers need’s and wants are satisfied and the organisational goals are realised. A wide variety of processes have developed to segment the market, target the most long-term profit potential customers and to enable the product to be positioned so it will be a success. Although as there is no definite product, which always needs these strategies, one can realise that it is important to use them because it will allow increased potential for the company’s objectives to be realised as well as ensuring your potential customers will be satisfied, thus your marketing will be effective.
Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (000), ‘Segmenting Markets,’ ‘Marketing Planning, Management and Control,’ Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall.
Doyle, P. (14), ‘Segmentation, positioning and the marketing mix,’ Marketing Management & Strategy, Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (001), ‘Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning,’ Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall.
Lancaster, G. and Reynolds, P. (18), ‘Development of the Marketing Concept,’ ‘Customers and Marketing,’ Marketing, Macmillan Business.
Lesser, J.A. and Hughes, M.A. (186), ‘The Generalizability of Psychographic Market Segments Across Geographic Locations,’ Journal of Marketing, 50(January), pp 18-7.
McDonald, M. (1), ‘Completing the marketing audit The product audit,’ Marketing Plans, Butterworth Heinemann.
Wilson, R.M.S. and Gilligan, C. (17), ‘Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning,’ Strategic Marketing Management, Butterworth Heinemann.
Nike. (00), Available at http//www.nike.com [Accessed 16 November 00]
Mind that the sample papers like Segmentation Targeting and Positioning presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
This essay will illustrate the extent to which effective marketing must incorporate Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. Marketing effectively differs from one organisation to another as each has their own separate goals, which they pursue. To answer how important each of the afore mentioned marketing tools are, one must define what Marketing is and then take into account how each is applied and why if not applied in an organisations approach to selling could mean abrupt failure, or maybe that they do not matter at all.
The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) defines marketing as,
‘The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements.’ (Lancaster & Reynolds 18, p.11)
An alternative definition is offered from the American Marketing Association (AMA)
‘The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational objectives.’ (Lancaster & Reynolds 18, p.11)
The CIM definition perhaps sums up the overall aim of marketing whereas the AMA definition identifies the tools which effective marketing would use when realising the firm’s objectives (Lancaster & Reynolds 18). Looking at both definitions, they both finished stating that something must be satisfied, customer requirements and organisational objectives. So to market effectively you must be able to reach the organisational goals whilst also meeting your customer requirements.
Market segmentation is defined by Kotler and Armstrong (001, p.44) as ‘Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers on the basis of needs, characteristics or behaviour who might require separate marketing mixes.’ These needs, characteristics, and behavioural factors, which signify different demands, come from a multitude of different reasons. The main profilers used to segment the consumer markets are Geographic, Demographic, Behavioural and Psychographic factors. On the other hand organisational market profilers are Industry, Type of Organisation, Size, Geographic, Application, Usage and Purchasing Organisation factors. (Doyle 14)
It begs the question; why segment the market instead of mass marketing the same product? The best-known example of Mass Marketing or Undifferentiated Marketing is told by Kotler and Armstrong (001). They go on to use the example of Henry Ford’s marketing strategy of the Model T Ford. When he put the car into production, he told the cumsers, they could have the car “in any colour as long as it is black”. This though was many years ago; Ford has progressed and produces many different models today. An example of a company who still uses the Mass Marketing technique is outlined by Wilson and Gilligan (17). Black & Decker faced a drop in its worldwide share of the power tool market from 0% to 15% as more Japanese firms began to compete by marketing in a more ‘aggressive’ manner than Black & Decker. As a result of this Black & Decker moved away from a policy of customized products for each market and instead focused making a smaller amount of products that could be sold everywhere which the same basic marketing approach. From this example it can be seen that not breaking down the market in terms of product, works for some companies whilst also satisfying customers, hence the increase in market share for Black & Decker.
Ultimately segmenting the market is the first step to giving the firm the ability to better match the customer needs, enhance profits, enhance opportunities for growth, retain customers and target communications (Doyle 14). Being able to satisfy more customers with your brand or brands, brings one back to the definition offered by the CIM. More customers satisfied equals marketing more effectively. An example of a company, which uses segmentation within the USA, is Proctor & Gamble. They manufacture many products including washing detergent.
‘To some people, cleaning and bleaching power are most important; to others, fabric softening matters most; still others want mild, fresh-scented detergent’ (Kotler & Armstrong 001, p.44)
Hence there are different groups or segments of the washing detergent buyers and each of these seek a different combination of benefits. Proctor & Gamble have recognised this and have gone on to produce eight different brands of detergent to satisfy these markets (Kotler & Armstrong 001). Lesser and Hughes (186, The Generalizability of Psychographic Market Segments Across Geographic Locations. Journal of Marketing. 50(January) 18-7) study summarises that segmentation plays a vital role in contributing to corporate planning, but there has not enough research into it to make enough generalizations to contribute to the advancement of ‘Segmentation Theory’.
Having segmented the market the strategist is faced with a series of decisions on the amount of and which segments to approach. The Strategists main concern is choosing a target would be profitable (Wilson & Gilligan 17). Three factors which the strategist will have to consider are ‘the size and growth potential of each segment, their structural attractiveness and the organisation’s objectives and resources’ in coming to a final decision on which segments to target (Wilson & Gilligan 17, p.7). Referring back to the AMA definition of marketing, they say that marketing involves satisfying organisation objectives. The importance of targeting is so choose the correct segment(s), which fulfil the company objectives. Effective marketing would be achieved if the strategist chose the right segment or segments to target, which would reach the company objectives. However each company has different objectives, and to demonstrate a company objective which each company, excluding non-profit organisations have, one can use Profit.
The strategist would then assess the profit potential of the segments, for instance using Porter’s Five Forces Model (McDonald 1). The company would now have to decide which and how many segments to serve, which is the problem of target market selection (Kotler & Armstrong 001). The firm can adopt one of three market coverage strategies, ‘Undifferentiated Marketing, Differentiated Marketing or Concentrated Marketing’ (Kotler & Armstrong 001, p.66).
Choosing the correct marketing strategy will depend on the type of product you have to supply. Undifferentiated marketing has already been explained. Differentiated marketing is when the company adopts several segments to market to and provides separate offers for each. The example of Proctor & Gamble was used before, another example of a company marketing effectively to many segments is Nike, who supply training shoes to many different market segments including Soccer, Basketball, Aerobics, Martial Arts and many more
(Nike. Available at URL http//www.nike.com[Accessed 16 November 00]). By offering these product variations, these companies hope for increased sales and a stronger position within each market segment. For instance ‘Proctor and Gamble obtain a higher market share with eight brands than they would if they only made one. Nevertheless operating differentiated marketing usually increases costs to the business, for example it would cost more to produce 10 units of 10 different products rather than 100 of the same product’ (Kotler & Armstrong 001, p.66). Thus to market effectively the company must weight the increased costs against increased sales to market effectively. (Kotler & Armstrong 001)
Concentrated Marketing is when the company focuses on one or a few segments or niches rather than going for a small share of a large segment. This type of marketing is especially appealing when there are limited company resources (Kotler & Armstrong 001). An example of this is ‘Steve Warrington’s business which sells ‘everything ostrich’ and generated in excess of $4 million revenue in 000. Today the low cost of setting up an Internet company makes it increasingly possible to serve seemingly minute niches’ (Kotler & Armstrong 001, p.67). It is important to locate the correct segment for your product and company to move into, it can lead to being able to move in quickly to dominate a niche or that you can dramatically increase your market share by offering many products to many segments. On the other hand you may realise that your product is what everyone wants, for example Petrol, ‘whether your car is a Lada or a Rolls Royce petrol will make it go’ and you don’t need to segment and offer different products (Brassington & Pettitt 000, p.18).
Finally once the market has been segmented and a segment or segments targeted by the company, they have to identify the positioning concept within each target segment and select and develop the appropriate positioning concepts for each (Wilson & Gilligan 17). This will relate to task of ensuring the company’s products operate a planned-for place in the chosen segments appropriate to its competition. This notion of positioning is applicable to both consumer and organisation markets and each share the same assumptions which are that all products and brands have subjective and objective attributes and potential customers may think about one of these attributes when deliberating whether to buy the respective brand or product. The potential customers will also have predetermined views on the attributes of the various competing products, which they will assess the new product by (Lancaster & Reynolds 18).
The company would build a position for itself by following the three steps outlines by Kotler & Armstrong (001, p.70) and acting upon their results.
‘Identification of a set of possible competitive advantages upon which to build a position, choosing the right competitive advantages, an selecting and overall positioning strategy. The company must then effectively communicate and deliver the chosen position to the market.’
It is important that the company’s positioning plan is not flawed, as this is the final stage before putting the product actually on the ‘market shelf’. Creating a product image not suited to the target segment could mean absolute failure due to the product itself not being properly thought through (Brassington & Pettitt 000). For example the work of Pring (see Brassington & Pettitt 000, p.64) gives an example of a failed product from MD Foods. He explained that the results gained from test marketing are not the same as what may happen in the real comsumer environment. The company had to withdraw its cultured dairy product Gaio as consumer groups disputed its claims that to have lower cholesterol levels. Not enough outside factors were taken into consideration prior to the launch of the product, and it led to its failure. The way in which a company positions its product is vital, it must be done correctly or the whole marketing process beforehand, segmenting the market and choosing the target segments can be a waste of time. Doyle (14) recalls the problem IBM faced when the personal computer prices began to decline in the early 10’s. Instead of threatening their own high price brand image they instead, created a new company under IBM called Ambra, effectively cloning the IBM machine but selling it at a much lower price to satisfy the booming ‘mass’ and ‘economy’ markets.
To summarise, a well- developed strategy of market segmentation, targeting and positioning together would enable the company to market effectively, in the way in which its customers need’s and wants are satisfied and the organisational goals are realised. A wide variety of processes have developed to segment the market, target the most long-term profit potential customers and to enable the product to be positioned so it will be a success. Although as there is no definite product, which always needs these strategies, one can realise that it is important to use them because it will allow increased potential for the company’s objectives to be realised as well as ensuring your potential customers will be satisfied, thus your marketing will be effective.
Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (000), ‘Segmenting Markets,’ ‘Marketing Planning, Management and Control,’ Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall.
Doyle, P. (14), ‘Segmentation, positioning and the marketing mix,’ Marketing Management & Strategy, Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G. (001), ‘Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning,’ Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall.
Lancaster, G. and Reynolds, P. (18), ‘Development of the Marketing Concept,’ ‘Customers and Marketing,’ Marketing, Macmillan Business.
Lesser, J.A. and Hughes, M.A. (186), ‘The Generalizability of Psychographic Market Segments Across Geographic Locations,’ Journal of Marketing, 50(January), pp 18-7.
McDonald, M. (1), ‘Completing the marketing audit The product audit,’ Marketing Plans, Butterworth Heinemann.
Wilson, R.M.S. and Gilligan, C. (17), ‘Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning,’ Strategic Marketing Management, Butterworth Heinemann.
Nike. (00), Available at http//www.nike.com [Accessed 16 November 00]
Mind that the sample papers like Segmentation Targeting and Positioning presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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