We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like HIV/AIDS screening as an additional college health requirement even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like HIV/AIDS screening as an additional college health requirement in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Prior enrollment to any institution of higher education one must substantiate that he has satisfied college health requirements to help ensure a healthy student body. For this reason all entering freshmen, by law, are required to have a complete physical examination and a series of vaccinations. According to the American College Health Association such vaccinations include diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, German measles, and mumps. These of which are contagious or may have an affect on the students’ performance; however, the decision to vaccinate is completely up to the student. Many misunderstand the AIDS virus; therefore are confused of the ways of extracting it. Having AIDS has nothing to do with one’s ability to read, write or comprehend information. As a result, HIV/AIDS testing is purposeless and should not be added as a college health requirement.
AIDS is caused by infection of an individual with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that alters a person’s immune system and damages his ability to fight off other diseases. It is primarily spread through sexual contact, the sharing of contaminated needles and syringes, blood transfusions, and from mother to infant. If AIDS testing actually becomes part of the health requirements, it is very likely that people who are infected to display false test results. This occurs because it takes three to six months to show up in the blood. Any testing before the three to six month period would bring about invalid information. There is no way to determine the true results for everyone unless the test was given every six months. If AIDS testing was required then testing for all other sexually transmitted diseases should be required, which would be ridiculous and pointless for someone practicing abstinence. Due to such powerful information, one should be granted the right determine if he wants to know such status. Such forced medical examination will conclude in a decrease of college students, which will be disastrous for society in the future.
Results from an AIDS test is strictly confidential and the status is only given to the person being tested, thus any sharing of this information without the person’s consent is against the law. The test results, whether negative or positive, are only revealed to the person being tested and the physician or health service provider. The health service provider does not even have the right to give out any information without the consent of the patient; so revealing private, sensational facts about a person’s sexual activity, health or economic status can constitute an invasion of privacy. It is obvious that this would be more controversial than helpful, which would definitely result in an inflation of litigations.
Even if the school was granted the information by the infected person, they would have to treat them the same as all other students. No cases of AIDS have been identified in which students were infected in a school setting; hence the institution would not be able to isolate them nor prohibit them from on-campus housing or other school activities. Denying them of these accesses is disability discrimination. It is a violation to section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 17, which states that recipients may not provide different or separate aid, benefits or services to handicapped persons or to any class of handicapped persons.
Due to such uselessness, HIV/AIDS testing should remain apart from the college health requirements. Information of such confidential magnitude, will never become part of regular college screenings until proven to be harmful to others. Considering that this disease is only contracted in certain ways and not contagious, it will not have any effect on the institution as a whole. Entering freshmen should not be tormented their first year by knowing such information because it may cause poorer performances and may result in more cases of depression. The power of such information will have an overwhelming impact on the overall well-being of the students, thus beginning an unnecessary elimination of potential lawyers, doctors, and etc. that would eventually affect the world.
Mind that the sample papers like HIV/AIDS screening as an additional college health requirement presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, January 29, 2013
Saturday, January 26, 2013
In Those Winter Sundays
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like In Those Winter Sundays even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like In Those Winter Sundays in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
In “Those Winter Sundays,” Robert Hayden emphasizes how as a child he didn’t
appreciate the plain and basic things; his father did for him. Hayden describes to us his
father’s routine on those Winter Sundays and points out that his father was a hard
working man, but temperamental. The speaker discovers that he is now able to
appreciate the affection showed to him by his father, which is something he could not
have done as a child. After reading this poem, instantly the memories of my mother’s
unappreciated lessons entered my mind.
One unappreciated lesson from my mother was to take advice gained through the
wisdom of living. Wisdom is acquired through life when one making mistakes learns
valve lessons. A good example of this is when a person stumbles across a situation in
which an elder person enlightens a younger person with knowledge based on their own
experience like my mother who taught me that those who are wise know how to listen.
For instance, at seventeen and foolishly in love, I dated a rapper of my hometown Puerto
Rico. Like custom in my family I brought him home for the approval of my parents, but
my mother went crazy and didn’t like the idea of me dating him. Back then I didn’t
understand the reasons for her opposition. Against her will I went on with the
relationship and four months later I discovered that he was promiscuous and my mother
knew about it; therefore, she didn’t want me dating a guy like him. I was horrified and
broken hearted when I found out that he was dating three more girls at the same time he
was swearing me love. Everything I knew about love was no longer true. That sour
moment in my youth taught me to listen to my mother’s advice.
Another lesson learned from my mother that wasn’t appreciated was the value of
hard work. The values of hard work are gained through commitment and dedication.
Sometimes being in high school and working is more about earning and spending cash
than achieving future goals. That is where the problem lies. For example, I was working
at a restaurant as a waitress my senior year in high school. That same year my family
was going through an economic crisis, and I wanted to go to college, but my parents
couldn’t afford it. I was expected to contribute to my education and I wasn’t aware of
how careless I was in spending my salary. I wanted to go out with friends and working
didn’t fit into my social life. So I quit my job a the restaurant. As result, I learned the
hard way that hard work always pays off. I lost two years of college education. Had I
listened to my mother’s advice, I may have been able to pay my own way , but
unfortunately, I had to work two years after high school to afford college.
Having lived through these experiences I can say that I have become a wiser
person who has learned not only the value of hard work, but also the worth of my
mother’s advice
Mind that the sample papers like In Those Winter Sundays presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
In “Those Winter Sundays,” Robert Hayden emphasizes how as a child he didn’t
appreciate the plain and basic things; his father did for him. Hayden describes to us his
father’s routine on those Winter Sundays and points out that his father was a hard
working man, but temperamental. The speaker discovers that he is now able to
appreciate the affection showed to him by his father, which is something he could not
have done as a child. After reading this poem, instantly the memories of my mother’s
unappreciated lessons entered my mind.
One unappreciated lesson from my mother was to take advice gained through the
wisdom of living. Wisdom is acquired through life when one making mistakes learns
valve lessons. A good example of this is when a person stumbles across a situation in
which an elder person enlightens a younger person with knowledge based on their own
experience like my mother who taught me that those who are wise know how to listen.
For instance, at seventeen and foolishly in love, I dated a rapper of my hometown Puerto
Rico. Like custom in my family I brought him home for the approval of my parents, but
my mother went crazy and didn’t like the idea of me dating him. Back then I didn’t
understand the reasons for her opposition. Against her will I went on with the
relationship and four months later I discovered that he was promiscuous and my mother
knew about it; therefore, she didn’t want me dating a guy like him. I was horrified and
broken hearted when I found out that he was dating three more girls at the same time he
was swearing me love. Everything I knew about love was no longer true. That sour
moment in my youth taught me to listen to my mother’s advice.
Another lesson learned from my mother that wasn’t appreciated was the value of
hard work. The values of hard work are gained through commitment and dedication.
Sometimes being in high school and working is more about earning and spending cash
than achieving future goals. That is where the problem lies. For example, I was working
at a restaurant as a waitress my senior year in high school. That same year my family
was going through an economic crisis, and I wanted to go to college, but my parents
couldn’t afford it. I was expected to contribute to my education and I wasn’t aware of
how careless I was in spending my salary. I wanted to go out with friends and working
didn’t fit into my social life. So I quit my job a the restaurant. As result, I learned the
hard way that hard work always pays off. I lost two years of college education. Had I
listened to my mother’s advice, I may have been able to pay my own way , but
unfortunately, I had to work two years after high school to afford college.
Having lived through these experiences I can say that I have become a wiser
person who has learned not only the value of hard work, but also the worth of my
mother’s advice
Mind that the sample papers like In Those Winter Sundays presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, January 24, 2013
globalisation and food.
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like globalisation and food. even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like globalisation and food. in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Globalisation and Food.
The first and probably most important area on the topic of globalisation and food is the issue of food policy and food security. It is believed that the vast inequalities between the rich and the poor of this world have strong links to way both developing and developed countries manage, or are forced to manage, their food resources. Two documents are of particular interest to the debate as to what is to blame for the increased inequality mentioned. A recent Oxfam report states that “the problem is not that international trade is inherently opposed to the needs and interests of the poor, but that the rules that govern it are rigged in favour of the rich” (Fowler, 00). This point is validated by the fact that “when developing countries export to rich country markets, they face tariff barriers that are four times higher than those encountered by rich countries. Those barriers cost them $100bn a year � twice as much as they receive in aid” (Fowler, 00). The report claims that while rich countries impose such tariffs, the poorer countries are pressurised by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to open their markets at breakneck speed, often with damaging consequences. The other key document I looked at was an article by Bonnie Setiawan, which was submitted to the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development. Setiawan blames globalisation and import liberalisation for the current crisis in developing countries. Her key point is that “this liberalisation of foodstuffs is the treatment of foodstuffs and agriculture as industrial products which are traded freely like manufactured goods. As the United Nations once said, food becomes a commodity, instead of a human right; it becomes part of free trade and the free market” (Setiawan, 0011-). Setiawan goes on to show what import liberalisation has done to Indonesia. “Data from the World Trade Organisation shows that we (Indonesia) have become the world’s largest rice importer, with 5.8 tons in the fiscal year of 18/1 hence absorbing some 5 % of the world’s rice trade. Earlier, Indonesia ranked as the world’s ninth highest rice exporter and was also self-sufficient in regards to rice” (Setiawan, 0011-). As Hartwig de Haen correctly states the countries that will not be able to compete in this expanded market, for example, those with non-modernised agricultural systems, are the ones for which agriculture is still the backbone of their economies (de Haen, 0011). This is why food policy needs to be better managed so as to stop export dumping by rich countries and to give developing countries a chance to develop. The relevance of this is that though we claim to understand very few people really get that millions of people are starving and suffering. It also seems that the problems could be solved not with everybody donating twenty euro to Concern or Trocaire but with are few changes in policy.
Globalisation and it’s relationship with food also effects us closer to home. It has given us fast, convenient food. But it has also lead, in my opinion, to the eliminating of national eating habits, lack of quality (in 001 a poll by Restaurants and Institutions found that the lowest quality food in any major hamburger chain was found in McDonalds) and poor jobs. Firstly, I will look at the effect that the globalised food industry has had on jobs. The McDonalds chain is, with doubt, the king of fast food. According to Eric Schlosser they are responsible for 0% of America’s new jobs and “it is estimated that one out of every eight workers in the United States has at some point been employed by McDonalds” (Schlosser, 004). McDonalds are also widely credited with the creation of the throwaway ‘McJob’ which was defined by international trade unionist Dan Gallin as “a low skill, low pay, high stress, exhausting and unstable job” (Klein, 0017). The strict regimentation at fast food restaurants creates standardised products (Burger Kingstaff are instructed on the ideal thickness of each french fry, 0.8 inches thick). This in turn gives fast food companies an enormous amount of power over their employees. Jobs that have been ‘de-skilled’ can be filled cheaply. The need to retain any individual worker is greatly reduced by the ease with which he or she can be replaced. In Britain, there was the McLibel case in which two Greenpeace activists were taken to court for criticising McDonalds’ employment practices. Though they were found guilty on several counts the judge did concede that “the allegation that McDonalds ‘pays it’s workers low wages, helping to depress wages for workers in the catering trade in Britain has been proven to be true” (Klein, 0017). In Ireland, more recently, we saw Supermacs fined for making under 18 year olds work later than ten o’ clock on a school night. Fast food outlets also pioneered the casualisation of labour which spread across the service industry as a whole and even further. As Klein sees it almost every major labour battle of the decade has focused on the issue of enforced casualisation “from the United Parcel workers’ stand against ‘part-time America’ to the unionised Australian dockworkers fighting their replacement by contract workers…All these stories are about different industries doing variations on the same thing finding ways to cut ties to their workforce and travel light” (Klein, 0017). I think the issue of casualisation is extremely relevant at the moment with most companies implementing it. From a personal viewpoint, I have been working at the Eurospar supermarket for nearly two years and have seen these changes take place. The average shift has been cut to four hours. The middle aged managerial staff have been replaced by teenagers and people in their earlier twenties. These employees often think they’re just passing through and they normally don’t have families of their own to take care of so they can be paid less and they don’t require the benefits a middle aged person often would. Another thing that Eurospar has in common with the major fast food outlets is it’s fear of unionisation. Eric Schlosser gives numerous accounts of various McDonalds outlets closing just as unionisation seemed imminent e.g. St. Hubert, Montreal 17. Lansing, Michigan 17. Schlosser concludes his series of accounts by saying “As of this writing, none of the workers at the roughly fifteen thousand McDonald’s in North America is represented by a union” (Schlosser, 0077).
The issue of national eating habits is fairly straight forward and it fits in with one of the main criticisms of globalisation it erodes national and even regional cultures. With fast food outlets it’s the same menu and the same ingredients no matter which corner of the globe you find yourself in. Although now and again you may see the Greek kebab special in favourite major fast food outlet, this is just assimilated culture, it drags it into mass culture and it becomes no longer specific to anything except in a harmless, stereotypical fashion. Klein sums it up when she says “Despite the embrace of polyethnic imagery, market-driven globalisation doesn’t want diversity; quite the opposite. It’s enemies are national habits, local brands and distinctive regional tastes” (Klein, 0011). Fast food outlets use approaches to retailing like clustering {setting up many franchises in the area until all competition (or choice) is pretty much defeated} or big-box (a big store in a key location). These major fast food outlets have the money to outbid for space and supplies, to drive down prices and even to keep them artificially high. Although independent restaurants can and do thrive it is normally in the high-end, specialty role. This leaves it to the major outlets, as we have seen in America and the bigger European countries, to blanket cities, towns and suburbs with self-replicating clones. The relevance of this to Ireland, I believe, is not so much that we will have McDonalds and Burger Kings in all the suburbs but that almost everyone in the food business is adopting the McDonalds approach. Look at the local 4 hour garage and the Hot counter in your local supermarket, all mini-McDonalds with little choice, poorly paid staff and they are spreading and expanding. Globalisation has influenced food production but with it’s need for increased efficiency it has lead to shortcuts being taken. This is particularly dangerous with regards to beef products. According to Schlosser “the meatpacking system that arose to supply the nation’s (America) fast food chains � an industry molded to serve their needs, to provide massive amounts of uniform ground beef so that all of McDonald’s hamburgers would taste the same � has proved to be an extremely efficient system for spreading disease” (Schlosser, 0077). He goes on refer to a nationwide survey in 16 that found that 7.5% of ground beef samples taken at processing plants were contaminated with Salmonella, 11.7% with Listeria monocytogenes (which proves fatal in one out of five cases), 0% with Staphylococcus aureus and 5.% with Clostridium perfringens. (Schlosser, 00). A unnamed government health official told Eric Schlosser that the sanitary conditions in a modern feedlot were easily comparable to the to those in a crowded European city during the Middle Ages, “when people dumped their chamber pots out the window, raw sewage ran in the streets, and epidemics raged” (Schlosser, 0001). The problem of lack of quality safe food and the throwaway job link up according to Dr. Patricia Griffin, one of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s leading experts. “We place our lives in their hands in the same way we entrust our lives to the training of airline pilots” (Schlosser, 00). Griffin worries that a low-paid, unskilled workforce composed of teenagers and recent immigrants may not always be familiar with proper food handling procedures. Couple this with the lack of training received and the low prestige and just passing through nature of the job and we see this needs serious attention. Just to hit home the point, food poisoning does not just mean some vomiting and a slight case of diarrhea, in the last eight years in the United States approximately half a million people have been made ill, thousands have been hospitalised and hundreds have died due food poisoning incidents(Schlosser, 00). The relevance of this hardly needs to be stated but this is not just confined to America, a girl I know returned in a critical state from Spain after eating at a McDonalds and is now short one kidney. When people go abroad they sometimes are unsure where to go and eat, the above incidents make the ‘at least you know what you’re getting at McDonalds’ attitude seem laughable.
Finally, there is the cost-cutting and time-saving ‘developments’ that have been made in food production so as to make the most out of the worldwide market. Agriculture in America and in Europe relies less and less on raw materials and more so on non-renewable chemicals. According to Bonnie Setiawan, in the U.S. 75% of all processed food has high artificial content e.g. orange juice with little orange content, sausages with less and less sausage meat. Setiawan also raises an interesting point when looking at the genetically modified food craze. “Almost half of the patents on ‘GM Foods’ are controlled by 14 large corporations with patents in staples rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes and sorghum…the monopolisation allowed by the control of such technology would lead to the need for all farmers of corn, soybean or rice to buy from the firms involved � meaning unlimited markets and extraordinary profits” (Setiawan, 0011-). This is distinct possibility with the influence of globalisation constantly telling us food is a commodity that can produced quicker and cheaper and sold everywhere for any price they deem fit.
Mind that the sample papers like globalisation and food. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Globalisation and Food.
The first and probably most important area on the topic of globalisation and food is the issue of food policy and food security. It is believed that the vast inequalities between the rich and the poor of this world have strong links to way both developing and developed countries manage, or are forced to manage, their food resources. Two documents are of particular interest to the debate as to what is to blame for the increased inequality mentioned. A recent Oxfam report states that “the problem is not that international trade is inherently opposed to the needs and interests of the poor, but that the rules that govern it are rigged in favour of the rich” (Fowler, 00). This point is validated by the fact that “when developing countries export to rich country markets, they face tariff barriers that are four times higher than those encountered by rich countries. Those barriers cost them $100bn a year � twice as much as they receive in aid” (Fowler, 00). The report claims that while rich countries impose such tariffs, the poorer countries are pressurised by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to open their markets at breakneck speed, often with damaging consequences. The other key document I looked at was an article by Bonnie Setiawan, which was submitted to the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development. Setiawan blames globalisation and import liberalisation for the current crisis in developing countries. Her key point is that “this liberalisation of foodstuffs is the treatment of foodstuffs and agriculture as industrial products which are traded freely like manufactured goods. As the United Nations once said, food becomes a commodity, instead of a human right; it becomes part of free trade and the free market” (Setiawan, 0011-). Setiawan goes on to show what import liberalisation has done to Indonesia. “Data from the World Trade Organisation shows that we (Indonesia) have become the world’s largest rice importer, with 5.8 tons in the fiscal year of 18/1 hence absorbing some 5 % of the world’s rice trade. Earlier, Indonesia ranked as the world’s ninth highest rice exporter and was also self-sufficient in regards to rice” (Setiawan, 0011-). As Hartwig de Haen correctly states the countries that will not be able to compete in this expanded market, for example, those with non-modernised agricultural systems, are the ones for which agriculture is still the backbone of their economies (de Haen, 0011). This is why food policy needs to be better managed so as to stop export dumping by rich countries and to give developing countries a chance to develop. The relevance of this is that though we claim to understand very few people really get that millions of people are starving and suffering. It also seems that the problems could be solved not with everybody donating twenty euro to Concern or Trocaire but with are few changes in policy.
Globalisation and it’s relationship with food also effects us closer to home. It has given us fast, convenient food. But it has also lead, in my opinion, to the eliminating of national eating habits, lack of quality (in 001 a poll by Restaurants and Institutions found that the lowest quality food in any major hamburger chain was found in McDonalds) and poor jobs. Firstly, I will look at the effect that the globalised food industry has had on jobs. The McDonalds chain is, with doubt, the king of fast food. According to Eric Schlosser they are responsible for 0% of America’s new jobs and “it is estimated that one out of every eight workers in the United States has at some point been employed by McDonalds” (Schlosser, 004). McDonalds are also widely credited with the creation of the throwaway ‘McJob’ which was defined by international trade unionist Dan Gallin as “a low skill, low pay, high stress, exhausting and unstable job” (Klein, 0017). The strict regimentation at fast food restaurants creates standardised products (Burger Kingstaff are instructed on the ideal thickness of each french fry, 0.8 inches thick). This in turn gives fast food companies an enormous amount of power over their employees. Jobs that have been ‘de-skilled’ can be filled cheaply. The need to retain any individual worker is greatly reduced by the ease with which he or she can be replaced. In Britain, there was the McLibel case in which two Greenpeace activists were taken to court for criticising McDonalds’ employment practices. Though they were found guilty on several counts the judge did concede that “the allegation that McDonalds ‘pays it’s workers low wages, helping to depress wages for workers in the catering trade in Britain has been proven to be true” (Klein, 0017). In Ireland, more recently, we saw Supermacs fined for making under 18 year olds work later than ten o’ clock on a school night. Fast food outlets also pioneered the casualisation of labour which spread across the service industry as a whole and even further. As Klein sees it almost every major labour battle of the decade has focused on the issue of enforced casualisation “from the United Parcel workers’ stand against ‘part-time America’ to the unionised Australian dockworkers fighting their replacement by contract workers…All these stories are about different industries doing variations on the same thing finding ways to cut ties to their workforce and travel light” (Klein, 0017). I think the issue of casualisation is extremely relevant at the moment with most companies implementing it. From a personal viewpoint, I have been working at the Eurospar supermarket for nearly two years and have seen these changes take place. The average shift has been cut to four hours. The middle aged managerial staff have been replaced by teenagers and people in their earlier twenties. These employees often think they’re just passing through and they normally don’t have families of their own to take care of so they can be paid less and they don’t require the benefits a middle aged person often would. Another thing that Eurospar has in common with the major fast food outlets is it’s fear of unionisation. Eric Schlosser gives numerous accounts of various McDonalds outlets closing just as unionisation seemed imminent e.g. St. Hubert, Montreal 17. Lansing, Michigan 17. Schlosser concludes his series of accounts by saying “As of this writing, none of the workers at the roughly fifteen thousand McDonald’s in North America is represented by a union” (Schlosser, 0077).
The issue of national eating habits is fairly straight forward and it fits in with one of the main criticisms of globalisation it erodes national and even regional cultures. With fast food outlets it’s the same menu and the same ingredients no matter which corner of the globe you find yourself in. Although now and again you may see the Greek kebab special in favourite major fast food outlet, this is just assimilated culture, it drags it into mass culture and it becomes no longer specific to anything except in a harmless, stereotypical fashion. Klein sums it up when she says “Despite the embrace of polyethnic imagery, market-driven globalisation doesn’t want diversity; quite the opposite. It’s enemies are national habits, local brands and distinctive regional tastes” (Klein, 0011). Fast food outlets use approaches to retailing like clustering {setting up many franchises in the area until all competition (or choice) is pretty much defeated} or big-box (a big store in a key location). These major fast food outlets have the money to outbid for space and supplies, to drive down prices and even to keep them artificially high. Although independent restaurants can and do thrive it is normally in the high-end, specialty role. This leaves it to the major outlets, as we have seen in America and the bigger European countries, to blanket cities, towns and suburbs with self-replicating clones. The relevance of this to Ireland, I believe, is not so much that we will have McDonalds and Burger Kings in all the suburbs but that almost everyone in the food business is adopting the McDonalds approach. Look at the local 4 hour garage and the Hot counter in your local supermarket, all mini-McDonalds with little choice, poorly paid staff and they are spreading and expanding. Globalisation has influenced food production but with it’s need for increased efficiency it has lead to shortcuts being taken. This is particularly dangerous with regards to beef products. According to Schlosser “the meatpacking system that arose to supply the nation’s (America) fast food chains � an industry molded to serve their needs, to provide massive amounts of uniform ground beef so that all of McDonald’s hamburgers would taste the same � has proved to be an extremely efficient system for spreading disease” (Schlosser, 0077). He goes on refer to a nationwide survey in 16 that found that 7.5% of ground beef samples taken at processing plants were contaminated with Salmonella, 11.7% with Listeria monocytogenes (which proves fatal in one out of five cases), 0% with Staphylococcus aureus and 5.% with Clostridium perfringens. (Schlosser, 00). A unnamed government health official told Eric Schlosser that the sanitary conditions in a modern feedlot were easily comparable to the to those in a crowded European city during the Middle Ages, “when people dumped their chamber pots out the window, raw sewage ran in the streets, and epidemics raged” (Schlosser, 0001). The problem of lack of quality safe food and the throwaway job link up according to Dr. Patricia Griffin, one of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s leading experts. “We place our lives in their hands in the same way we entrust our lives to the training of airline pilots” (Schlosser, 00). Griffin worries that a low-paid, unskilled workforce composed of teenagers and recent immigrants may not always be familiar with proper food handling procedures. Couple this with the lack of training received and the low prestige and just passing through nature of the job and we see this needs serious attention. Just to hit home the point, food poisoning does not just mean some vomiting and a slight case of diarrhea, in the last eight years in the United States approximately half a million people have been made ill, thousands have been hospitalised and hundreds have died due food poisoning incidents(Schlosser, 00). The relevance of this hardly needs to be stated but this is not just confined to America, a girl I know returned in a critical state from Spain after eating at a McDonalds and is now short one kidney. When people go abroad they sometimes are unsure where to go and eat, the above incidents make the ‘at least you know what you’re getting at McDonalds’ attitude seem laughable.
Finally, there is the cost-cutting and time-saving ‘developments’ that have been made in food production so as to make the most out of the worldwide market. Agriculture in America and in Europe relies less and less on raw materials and more so on non-renewable chemicals. According to Bonnie Setiawan, in the U.S. 75% of all processed food has high artificial content e.g. orange juice with little orange content, sausages with less and less sausage meat. Setiawan also raises an interesting point when looking at the genetically modified food craze. “Almost half of the patents on ‘GM Foods’ are controlled by 14 large corporations with patents in staples rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes and sorghum…the monopolisation allowed by the control of such technology would lead to the need for all farmers of corn, soybean or rice to buy from the firms involved � meaning unlimited markets and extraordinary profits” (Setiawan, 0011-). This is distinct possibility with the influence of globalisation constantly telling us food is a commodity that can produced quicker and cheaper and sold everywhere for any price they deem fit.
Mind that the sample papers like globalisation and food. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, January 23, 2013
King John
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King John
King John was the last of the Angevin kings. John was the archetypical Angevin, the autocratic ruler of a vast territory. His story is a story of failure. The purpose of this report is to show how John rose to power, and what he did to lead his subjects to impose the Magna Carta.
John was the fourth son of Henry II. His brothers were, Henry the Younger, Geoffrey, and Richard. John being the youngest of four meant that the expectations from his father were not as clear as was with his three older brothers. John was destined to be married and live off land from his father until the death of his oldest brother Henry the Younger in 118. Then Henry II began to use John in his plans. Henry the Younger’s death threw a problem into King Henry’s plans. Then Henry II began to use John in his plans. So to solve the problem Henry asked his son Richard to turn over his authority in Aquitaine to John. Eventually Henry forgot about his problems with Richard and worried more about his policy in Ireland. He knighted 18 year old John and sent him to Ireland with 00 knights and a treasury to take charge of the situation. The Irish eventually united against John. John ended up isolated and blocked by the locals. He was unable to pay his mercenaries and was forced to leave Ireland.
After Geoffrey died in a tournament and Henry’s relationship with Richard worsened, John became King Henry’s favorite. Henry still though, was keeping Richard the heir to the throne. He did however keep Richard guessing whether or not he would inherit the throne. The paranoia backfired when Richard united with Louis of France and declared war on Henry in 118.
John stabbed his father in the back and joined Richard. Henry died in 118.
Richard was crowned king months after Henry died. He named John the Count of Mortain and granted him lands in England. The new king also had enough respect for Johns trouble making tendencies to ban him from England for three years while he went on crusade. However, against Richards better judgement, his mother Eleanor went behind his back to allow John back into England. It was a huge mistake. John conspired against Richards regent, William Longchamp, and set himself up as King in all but name. A plot to divide up the Angevin empire between himself and the new French King, Philip Augustus, was only just prevented by his mother, when she intercepted him as he was about to take ship from Southampton. When Richard was imprisoned on his return from the crusades, by Duke Leopold of Austria, John again conspired with the French King to seize the kingdom. On Richards release John fled to France, but he was soon forgiven by his brother, who himself returned to France, where he died in 11. On his deathbed Richard named John as his heir, although by the law of primogeniture Arthur, the son of an older brother, Geoffrey, should have succeeded him. Johns coronation took place at Westminster Abbey in 11.
Johns energetic campaigning and diplomatic moves threw his opponents into a corner, and by May 100 he was able to negotiate the Treaty of Le Goulet with Philip of France. Having successfully secured his kingdom, John almost immediately proceeded to throw it away. In 100, he married Isabella of Angoulême, Hugh, the justiciary of Ireland’s 1-year-old fianc�. John was deeply suspicious of the powerful position Hugh le Brun had built up for himself during 11, and the marriage of Isabella was but the first in a series of maneuvers designed to curb that power. John then took Hugh’s position away and gave it to Aymer dAngoulême, taking away all Hugh had worked so hard for. Also, he deprived Hughs brother Ralph of the county of Eu which Richard had given him in Normandy.
The Lusignans appealed to Philip for justice, who summoned John before his court as his vassal to give an account of himself in autumn 101. John refused to attend, on the grounds that the French court had no jurisdiction over the Duke of Normandy, but Philip replied that he was summoned as the Duke of Aquitaine, and in April 10 declared John a rebellious vassal, confiscating all his feoffs. With Philip on their side, the lords of Lusignan went into revolt.
Richard I, through careful diplomacy, had ringed Philip with Angevin allies among the princes and nobles of France, forcing the French king to fight a war on several fronts if he wanted to fight the Angevins. However, by 10, many of these allies had either gone on crusade or been won over to Philips side, leaving John isolated and alone. So John had no international allies but, apart from Poitou and Brittany, his internal territories were secure. As John raised an army in Normandy to fight Philip, Arthur and the Lusignans managed to trap Eleanor in the castle of Mirabeau, from where she sent a message to her son for aid. John sped south to surprise the rebels unprepared outside Mirabeau on 1 July 10. Not a single rebel escaped. John had captured over 00 knights and all the leaders of the rebellion, including Arthur and Hugh le Brun. Yet once again, he threw it all away by taking things too far. He dismissed the pleas of William and Aimeri, and treated his captives most cruelly, making sure that noblemen died of harsh conditions. Worst of all, John was involved in the murder of Arthur of Brittany. A rumor circulated that, drunk and possessed by the devil, John had killed Arthur with his own hands and thrown him into the bottom of a river. Horrified by Johns actions William and Aimeri rebelled. John now saw enemies on all sides.
John is best remembered not for the loss of France, but for signing the Magna Carta. He didn’t sign the Magna Carta as a sign of weak kingship. It was the exact opposite. It was a because of the Angevin collapse in France, it was started by the increasing tax demands imposed by the king in his efforts to finance his French expeditions. Johns thinking was not dominated by England, but by France.
REFERENCES
“BBC” Online. Internet 10 September 00. http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/
“Magna Carta” New Standard Encyclopedia Chicago, Illinois Standard Education Society, Inc.
160
Modern World History. Boston McDougal Littell, 00. p. 17
Mind that the sample papers like King John presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
King John
King John was the last of the Angevin kings. John was the archetypical Angevin, the autocratic ruler of a vast territory. His story is a story of failure. The purpose of this report is to show how John rose to power, and what he did to lead his subjects to impose the Magna Carta.
John was the fourth son of Henry II. His brothers were, Henry the Younger, Geoffrey, and Richard. John being the youngest of four meant that the expectations from his father were not as clear as was with his three older brothers. John was destined to be married and live off land from his father until the death of his oldest brother Henry the Younger in 118. Then Henry II began to use John in his plans. Henry the Younger’s death threw a problem into King Henry’s plans. Then Henry II began to use John in his plans. So to solve the problem Henry asked his son Richard to turn over his authority in Aquitaine to John. Eventually Henry forgot about his problems with Richard and worried more about his policy in Ireland. He knighted 18 year old John and sent him to Ireland with 00 knights and a treasury to take charge of the situation. The Irish eventually united against John. John ended up isolated and blocked by the locals. He was unable to pay his mercenaries and was forced to leave Ireland.
After Geoffrey died in a tournament and Henry’s relationship with Richard worsened, John became King Henry’s favorite. Henry still though, was keeping Richard the heir to the throne. He did however keep Richard guessing whether or not he would inherit the throne. The paranoia backfired when Richard united with Louis of France and declared war on Henry in 118.
John stabbed his father in the back and joined Richard. Henry died in 118.
Richard was crowned king months after Henry died. He named John the Count of Mortain and granted him lands in England. The new king also had enough respect for Johns trouble making tendencies to ban him from England for three years while he went on crusade. However, against Richards better judgement, his mother Eleanor went behind his back to allow John back into England. It was a huge mistake. John conspired against Richards regent, William Longchamp, and set himself up as King in all but name. A plot to divide up the Angevin empire between himself and the new French King, Philip Augustus, was only just prevented by his mother, when she intercepted him as he was about to take ship from Southampton. When Richard was imprisoned on his return from the crusades, by Duke Leopold of Austria, John again conspired with the French King to seize the kingdom. On Richards release John fled to France, but he was soon forgiven by his brother, who himself returned to France, where he died in 11. On his deathbed Richard named John as his heir, although by the law of primogeniture Arthur, the son of an older brother, Geoffrey, should have succeeded him. Johns coronation took place at Westminster Abbey in 11.
Johns energetic campaigning and diplomatic moves threw his opponents into a corner, and by May 100 he was able to negotiate the Treaty of Le Goulet with Philip of France. Having successfully secured his kingdom, John almost immediately proceeded to throw it away. In 100, he married Isabella of Angoulême, Hugh, the justiciary of Ireland’s 1-year-old fianc�. John was deeply suspicious of the powerful position Hugh le Brun had built up for himself during 11, and the marriage of Isabella was but the first in a series of maneuvers designed to curb that power. John then took Hugh’s position away and gave it to Aymer dAngoulême, taking away all Hugh had worked so hard for. Also, he deprived Hughs brother Ralph of the county of Eu which Richard had given him in Normandy.
The Lusignans appealed to Philip for justice, who summoned John before his court as his vassal to give an account of himself in autumn 101. John refused to attend, on the grounds that the French court had no jurisdiction over the Duke of Normandy, but Philip replied that he was summoned as the Duke of Aquitaine, and in April 10 declared John a rebellious vassal, confiscating all his feoffs. With Philip on their side, the lords of Lusignan went into revolt.
Richard I, through careful diplomacy, had ringed Philip with Angevin allies among the princes and nobles of France, forcing the French king to fight a war on several fronts if he wanted to fight the Angevins. However, by 10, many of these allies had either gone on crusade or been won over to Philips side, leaving John isolated and alone. So John had no international allies but, apart from Poitou and Brittany, his internal territories were secure. As John raised an army in Normandy to fight Philip, Arthur and the Lusignans managed to trap Eleanor in the castle of Mirabeau, from where she sent a message to her son for aid. John sped south to surprise the rebels unprepared outside Mirabeau on 1 July 10. Not a single rebel escaped. John had captured over 00 knights and all the leaders of the rebellion, including Arthur and Hugh le Brun. Yet once again, he threw it all away by taking things too far. He dismissed the pleas of William and Aimeri, and treated his captives most cruelly, making sure that noblemen died of harsh conditions. Worst of all, John was involved in the murder of Arthur of Brittany. A rumor circulated that, drunk and possessed by the devil, John had killed Arthur with his own hands and thrown him into the bottom of a river. Horrified by Johns actions William and Aimeri rebelled. John now saw enemies on all sides.
John is best remembered not for the loss of France, but for signing the Magna Carta. He didn’t sign the Magna Carta as a sign of weak kingship. It was the exact opposite. It was a because of the Angevin collapse in France, it was started by the increasing tax demands imposed by the king in his efforts to finance his French expeditions. Johns thinking was not dominated by England, but by France.
REFERENCES
“BBC” Online. Internet 10 September 00. http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/
“Magna Carta” New Standard Encyclopedia Chicago, Illinois Standard Education Society, Inc.
160
Modern World History. Boston McDougal Littell, 00. p. 17
Mind that the sample papers like King John presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Buddism
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Buddism even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Buddism in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Presently, in the world today only about four hundred million of the inhabitance follow Buddhism (What ). Buddhism is “the teachings of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth” (Wordnet 1). According to the Buddha, it is up to each individual to take responsibility for his or her actions and for him or her to realize the truth for his or herself (What 16). Buddha’s followers believe if one acts wisely and according to the Buddha’s expectations ones life will be happier and more fulfilled. Buddhism has an extremely extensive and remarkable history; to comprehend Buddhism one must know the characteristics, beliefs, and the position Buddhism holds presently (What 16).
Buddhism began about ,500 years ago (What 1), in 450 BC by the teachings of the Buddha (Kingsfisher 58). Buddhism originated in Northeast India via a monk named Siddhartha, he who will accomplish Gautama, his clan name (Buddha 58). Siddhartha Gautama received the name Buddha defined as “enlightened one or awakened one”(Kingsfisher 58). The Buddha was also given the honorable titles Sakyamuni “sage of the Sakya clan (religious 1), and Bodhisattva, one who has reached personal enlightenment and chooses to be reborn and aid others in reaching enlightenment (What 46). The Buddha began to preach and express his modern and uplifting ways of thinking and life with the public in the rd century BC (Buddhism 5). The Buddha past in his early eighties in 48 BC after the passing of the Buddha it was hard to continue since nothing was written down (Buddhism 5).
Some may perform the customs of Buddhism but belong to a different religion (Academic 5). Contrary to some beliefs Buddhists do not believe in an all-powerful God who created the world and watches over it (What 18). The Buddha is not worshiped as a God, but as a human being who gained enlightenment, through his teachings and example others have the opportunity to reach personal enlightenment (What 18). When practicing Buddhism, tradition insists one refer to Buddha as divine and all-powerful, however Buddha never claimed divinity (Acay 1). Differing from alternative religions, salvation is not attained through Christ; one is required to seek personal salvation and diligence (Acay 1). Buddhism is the diagnosis of inside suffering, one diagnoses suffering by meditating, and reaching enlightenment (Acay 1).
Over time Buddhism was torn into two forms, commonly known as early Buddhism “the teachings of the elders” and late Buddhism “great vehicle” (Kingsfisher 6-6). The forms over time have also acquired the labels Theravada, early Buddhism and Mahayana, late Buddhism (Buddhism 5). The two main ways of Buddhism are split mainly due to Theravada being more conservative, and Mahayana being more diverse and liberal (Buddhism 5). Theravada is dominant in Sri Lanka, Burma, and Thailand, where as Mahayana is found mainly in Taiwan, Korea, and Japan (Buddhism 5). Besides the two chief forms of Buddha’s teachings, Theravada and Mahayana, there are three key types Chinese, Tibetan, and Japanese (Kingsfisher 64-65). Monks, nuns, and followers of Buddha’s set example operate Buddhism (What 17). Buddhist Monks who leave ones home and possessions in order to devout ones life to carry on the Buddhist traditions are titled devout Buddhists (What 8). Devout Buddhists are also labeled the monastic sangha or community of Buddhist monks known as bhikkhus (What 8). In Buddhism, the purpose of the monks is to “perform” the religion the nuns assist the monks, and the ordinary Buddhist followers attempt to reach personal enlightenment (What 8). Places of worship for a Buddhist are very open, one can follow through with the procedures in the comfort of their own home, or one could attend a monastery or temple (what 4). In the Buddhist temples and monasteries one is offered the chance to make offerings, chant uplifting spiritual messages, and listen to a Buddhist monk preach the ways of the Buddha (What 4). Also one should clasp their hands together in greeting then kneel and bow three times before the statue of the Buddha or Bodhisattava (What 4).
The four noble truths are the most significant of Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha’s teachings (What 15). The first of the four noble truths is “life is full of unhappiness”, the second is “unhappiness caused by greed”, thirdly “there is a way to end unhappiness”, last “the way to end unhappiness is the middle path” (What 15). The three jewels of Buddhism are one Buddha himself two dharma, Buddha’s teachings three sangha, the Buddhist community (What 15). The Buddha is known as the doctor, the dharma is the medicine, and the sangha is the nurse who gives the medicine to the patient, a starving Buddhist- one who is full of greed and wishes to reach enlightenment (what 16). The five precepts or promises are the set of guidelines set for members of the Buddhist religion to follow (What ). The first of the five promises is “not to harm or kill any living thing”, this makes Buddhists vegetarians, second “not to steal or take anything that isn’t freely given” (What ). The third of the five precepts is “to control sexual desire”, fourth “not to tell any lies”, and the fifth states, “not to drink or take drugs”, Buddhists perform the five precepts on a daily basis (What ). The middle or eightfold path stands for the eight spokes of the dharma (Buddha’s teachings) wheel, the steps are not separate, but work together to reach ultimate happiness (What 14). The first step of the eightfold path is “right understanding- of the Buddha’s teachings”, second is “right attitude- thinking kind thoughts”, third “right speech- not telling any lies or using angry words”, fourth “right action- not telling any lies”, fifth “right work- witch does not make others suffer” (What 14). The sixth step of the dharma wheel is “right effort- thinking before one acts”, seventh right mindfulness- “being alert and aware” and the eighth step is “right meditation- for a calm, focused mind” (What 14). The four noble truths, the three jewels of Buddhism, and the noble eightfold path are the three key points to make a Buddhist successful in reaching full personal enlightenment.
“Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future it transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both the natural and the spiritual, and it is based on a religious sense aspiring form the experience of all things, natural and spiritual as a meaningful unity” Albert Einstein (Religious 1). Buddhism has played a central role in the spiritual, cultural and social life of the eastern world since 450 BC and is still continuing to be a strong influence (Religious 1). Currently in the twentieth century Buddhism upholds the spot of the fourth largest religion in the world, Buddhism lags behind Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism (Religious 1). Recently Buddhism had begun to spread to the West; also from India to central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and Japan, Buddhism is the predominant religious and philosophical system of much of Asia (Religious 1). Various details of the Buddhist faith are no doubt part legend; numerous were invented to attempt to clarify parts of the Buddhist religion without explanation, also to make stories more interesting so they would not be forgotten over time (Acay 1).
Mind that the sample papers like Buddism presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Presently, in the world today only about four hundred million of the inhabitance follow Buddhism (What ). Buddhism is “the teachings of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth” (Wordnet 1). According to the Buddha, it is up to each individual to take responsibility for his or her actions and for him or her to realize the truth for his or herself (What 16). Buddha’s followers believe if one acts wisely and according to the Buddha’s expectations ones life will be happier and more fulfilled. Buddhism has an extremely extensive and remarkable history; to comprehend Buddhism one must know the characteristics, beliefs, and the position Buddhism holds presently (What 16).
Buddhism began about ,500 years ago (What 1), in 450 BC by the teachings of the Buddha (Kingsfisher 58). Buddhism originated in Northeast India via a monk named Siddhartha, he who will accomplish Gautama, his clan name (Buddha 58). Siddhartha Gautama received the name Buddha defined as “enlightened one or awakened one”(Kingsfisher 58). The Buddha was also given the honorable titles Sakyamuni “sage of the Sakya clan (religious 1), and Bodhisattva, one who has reached personal enlightenment and chooses to be reborn and aid others in reaching enlightenment (What 46). The Buddha began to preach and express his modern and uplifting ways of thinking and life with the public in the rd century BC (Buddhism 5). The Buddha past in his early eighties in 48 BC after the passing of the Buddha it was hard to continue since nothing was written down (Buddhism 5).
Some may perform the customs of Buddhism but belong to a different religion (Academic 5). Contrary to some beliefs Buddhists do not believe in an all-powerful God who created the world and watches over it (What 18). The Buddha is not worshiped as a God, but as a human being who gained enlightenment, through his teachings and example others have the opportunity to reach personal enlightenment (What 18). When practicing Buddhism, tradition insists one refer to Buddha as divine and all-powerful, however Buddha never claimed divinity (Acay 1). Differing from alternative religions, salvation is not attained through Christ; one is required to seek personal salvation and diligence (Acay 1). Buddhism is the diagnosis of inside suffering, one diagnoses suffering by meditating, and reaching enlightenment (Acay 1).
Over time Buddhism was torn into two forms, commonly known as early Buddhism “the teachings of the elders” and late Buddhism “great vehicle” (Kingsfisher 6-6). The forms over time have also acquired the labels Theravada, early Buddhism and Mahayana, late Buddhism (Buddhism 5). The two main ways of Buddhism are split mainly due to Theravada being more conservative, and Mahayana being more diverse and liberal (Buddhism 5). Theravada is dominant in Sri Lanka, Burma, and Thailand, where as Mahayana is found mainly in Taiwan, Korea, and Japan (Buddhism 5). Besides the two chief forms of Buddha’s teachings, Theravada and Mahayana, there are three key types Chinese, Tibetan, and Japanese (Kingsfisher 64-65). Monks, nuns, and followers of Buddha’s set example operate Buddhism (What 17). Buddhist Monks who leave ones home and possessions in order to devout ones life to carry on the Buddhist traditions are titled devout Buddhists (What 8). Devout Buddhists are also labeled the monastic sangha or community of Buddhist monks known as bhikkhus (What 8). In Buddhism, the purpose of the monks is to “perform” the religion the nuns assist the monks, and the ordinary Buddhist followers attempt to reach personal enlightenment (What 8). Places of worship for a Buddhist are very open, one can follow through with the procedures in the comfort of their own home, or one could attend a monastery or temple (what 4). In the Buddhist temples and monasteries one is offered the chance to make offerings, chant uplifting spiritual messages, and listen to a Buddhist monk preach the ways of the Buddha (What 4). Also one should clasp their hands together in greeting then kneel and bow three times before the statue of the Buddha or Bodhisattava (What 4).
The four noble truths are the most significant of Siddhartha Gautama, Buddha’s teachings (What 15). The first of the four noble truths is “life is full of unhappiness”, the second is “unhappiness caused by greed”, thirdly “there is a way to end unhappiness”, last “the way to end unhappiness is the middle path” (What 15). The three jewels of Buddhism are one Buddha himself two dharma, Buddha’s teachings three sangha, the Buddhist community (What 15). The Buddha is known as the doctor, the dharma is the medicine, and the sangha is the nurse who gives the medicine to the patient, a starving Buddhist- one who is full of greed and wishes to reach enlightenment (what 16). The five precepts or promises are the set of guidelines set for members of the Buddhist religion to follow (What ). The first of the five promises is “not to harm or kill any living thing”, this makes Buddhists vegetarians, second “not to steal or take anything that isn’t freely given” (What ). The third of the five precepts is “to control sexual desire”, fourth “not to tell any lies”, and the fifth states, “not to drink or take drugs”, Buddhists perform the five precepts on a daily basis (What ). The middle or eightfold path stands for the eight spokes of the dharma (Buddha’s teachings) wheel, the steps are not separate, but work together to reach ultimate happiness (What 14). The first step of the eightfold path is “right understanding- of the Buddha’s teachings”, second is “right attitude- thinking kind thoughts”, third “right speech- not telling any lies or using angry words”, fourth “right action- not telling any lies”, fifth “right work- witch does not make others suffer” (What 14). The sixth step of the dharma wheel is “right effort- thinking before one acts”, seventh right mindfulness- “being alert and aware” and the eighth step is “right meditation- for a calm, focused mind” (What 14). The four noble truths, the three jewels of Buddhism, and the noble eightfold path are the three key points to make a Buddhist successful in reaching full personal enlightenment.
“Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future it transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both the natural and the spiritual, and it is based on a religious sense aspiring form the experience of all things, natural and spiritual as a meaningful unity” Albert Einstein (Religious 1). Buddhism has played a central role in the spiritual, cultural and social life of the eastern world since 450 BC and is still continuing to be a strong influence (Religious 1). Currently in the twentieth century Buddhism upholds the spot of the fourth largest religion in the world, Buddhism lags behind Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism (Religious 1). Recently Buddhism had begun to spread to the West; also from India to central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and Japan, Buddhism is the predominant religious and philosophical system of much of Asia (Religious 1). Various details of the Buddhist faith are no doubt part legend; numerous were invented to attempt to clarify parts of the Buddhist religion without explanation, also to make stories more interesting so they would not be forgotten over time (Acay 1).
Mind that the sample papers like Buddism presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, January 22, 2013
violence
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like violence even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like violence in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Bart and Cletus were playing kickball in the park one day, when all of a sudden Hubert and his buddies pulled up to the park and began to open fire. Bart and Cletus tried to run and dodge the bullets. They were both shot and killed instantly. Why are killings like this happening? Why do kids think that it is ok to show their violence and hurt others? And can or will it ever be stopped?
I believe that the killings among kids today is do to the evil that is in all people, according to the theme of William Goldwins Lord of the Flies. The evil inside of young kids today is coming out more and more than in the past. And I think that it is due to the fact that many kids today have divorced or single parents, as a result kids may be joining or getting involved in trouble. With the absence of a parent or a broken home, kids are missing an authority figure. Without an authority figure kids have no one to tell them what is right or wrong, so they go out and do whatever they want and let the evil inside of them show.
With kids not knowing what is right or wrong the smallest things can easily influence them. Television is one big factor that I think influences kids the most. The shows on television show violence and killings everyday. And some kids don’t realize that the shows on television aren’t reality. They think that the violent actions shown on television are real and that it’s ok to go out and do what they see on television. Another big influence that brings out evil in kids today is certain kinds of music. The lyrics in some songs today tell kids that it’s ok to go out and hurt other people. Some lyrics also tell kids to show hatred toward others because they’re of a different race or gender. And with popular artist singing rhymes about violence lets kids know that if the artist says its ok, so the kids think that it’s ok.
Another big influence on young kids today is the crowd or friends that they hang out with. Most kids today who let their evil show in violence often hang out with the bad crowd. One way to stop this problem is having activities that keep the kids busy after school. If their are activities for the kids to do then their spending most of their free time with the activities instead if getting into trouble with others. And it is also the parent’s guardian’s job to know whom their kids hang out with, where their kids are going to be at, and what their kids are doing. With the parents or guardians stepping up and knowing what their kids do this could possible stop them from hanging out with the wrong kind of people who get into trouble all the time.
I believe that the killings among young people today can be stopped. The evil inside of kids today can be stopped. Teaching kids at a young age the difference between what is right and wrong can stop the evil actions. Parents could be more of an authority figure to their kids by laying down the law. And by knowing what kind of shows they watch on television, what kind of music they listen to, and the people that they hang out with.
Mind that the sample papers like violence presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Bart and Cletus were playing kickball in the park one day, when all of a sudden Hubert and his buddies pulled up to the park and began to open fire. Bart and Cletus tried to run and dodge the bullets. They were both shot and killed instantly. Why are killings like this happening? Why do kids think that it is ok to show their violence and hurt others? And can or will it ever be stopped?
I believe that the killings among kids today is do to the evil that is in all people, according to the theme of William Goldwins Lord of the Flies. The evil inside of young kids today is coming out more and more than in the past. And I think that it is due to the fact that many kids today have divorced or single parents, as a result kids may be joining or getting involved in trouble. With the absence of a parent or a broken home, kids are missing an authority figure. Without an authority figure kids have no one to tell them what is right or wrong, so they go out and do whatever they want and let the evil inside of them show.
With kids not knowing what is right or wrong the smallest things can easily influence them. Television is one big factor that I think influences kids the most. The shows on television show violence and killings everyday. And some kids don’t realize that the shows on television aren’t reality. They think that the violent actions shown on television are real and that it’s ok to go out and do what they see on television. Another big influence that brings out evil in kids today is certain kinds of music. The lyrics in some songs today tell kids that it’s ok to go out and hurt other people. Some lyrics also tell kids to show hatred toward others because they’re of a different race or gender. And with popular artist singing rhymes about violence lets kids know that if the artist says its ok, so the kids think that it’s ok.
Another big influence on young kids today is the crowd or friends that they hang out with. Most kids today who let their evil show in violence often hang out with the bad crowd. One way to stop this problem is having activities that keep the kids busy after school. If their are activities for the kids to do then their spending most of their free time with the activities instead if getting into trouble with others. And it is also the parent’s guardian’s job to know whom their kids hang out with, where their kids are going to be at, and what their kids are doing. With the parents or guardians stepping up and knowing what their kids do this could possible stop them from hanging out with the wrong kind of people who get into trouble all the time.
I believe that the killings among young people today can be stopped. The evil inside of kids today can be stopped. Teaching kids at a young age the difference between what is right and wrong can stop the evil actions. Parents could be more of an authority figure to their kids by laying down the law. And by knowing what kind of shows they watch on television, what kind of music they listen to, and the people that they hang out with.
Mind that the sample papers like violence presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
atlantis
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like atlantis even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like atlantis in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Over 11,000 years ago there supposedly was a continent located in the middle of the Atlantic ocean populated with a noble and very powerful race. The people had great wealth along with advanced knowledge before their time. This continent had many beautiful cities and sites. This great place is the Legend of the lost continent of Atlantis, but is Atlantis just a myth or a reality.
A Greek philosopher, Plato, first recorded the story of Atlantis. Plato first heard the tale of Atlantis from stories that were passed down from generation to generation from Solon, a Greek traveler and historian from Egypt. Solon received the story of Atlantis while staying with Egyptian priests. And Solon then brought the story to Greece (Stein 1). Plato then told of two accounts of Atlantis. These accounts were Timeaus and Critias. A summary of the two accounts is that Atlantis was the domain of Poseidon, the god of the sea. When Poseidon fell in love with a mortal woman, Cleito, he created a dwelling at the top of a hill near the middle of the continent and surrounded the dwelling with rings of water and land to protect her. Cleito gave birth to five sets of twin boys who became the first rulers of Atlantis.
The continent was divided among the brothers with the eldest, Atlas, first King of Atlantis, being given control over the central hill and surrounding areas. At the top of the central hill, a temple was built to honor Poseidon that housed a giant gold statue of Poseidon riding a chariot pulled by winged horses. It was here that the rulers of Atlantis would come to discuss laws, pass judgments, and pay tribute to
Poseidon (Braymer -11).
To facilitate travel and trade, a water canal was cut through of the rings of land and water running south for 5.5 miles ( km) to the sea. The city of Atlantis sat just outside the outer ring of water and spread across the plain covering a circle of 11 miles (1.7 km). This was a densely populated area where the majority of the population lived, called the “Royal City.” In the “Royal City” there were beautiful palaces and mountains all over the continent. Surrounding the “Royal City” was ten towns. Each town had a fertile plain, about 0 miles (50 km) long and 110 miles (10 km) wide surrounded by another canal used to collect water from the rivers and streams of the mountains (Wilke 1-1). The climate was such that two harvests were possible each year. One in the winter, fed by the rains and one in the summer, fed by irrigation from the canal. Surrounding the plain to the north were mountains which soared to the skies. Villages, lakes, rivers, and meadows dotted the mountains. Besides the harvests, the continent provided all kinds of herbs, fruits, and nuts. And an abundance of animals roamed the continent (Braymer 5).
For generations the Atlanteans lived simple, virtuous lives. The Atlanteans
were literate and very intelligent. They had written many works and laws, and often covered their materials with copper, bronze or gold (Stein 0). They also had a tradition of fighting bulls without the use of weapons. They worshiped bulls and had great respect for them. But slowly they began to change their ways. Greed and power began to corrupt them. The Atlanteans tried to expand their domain. They went out and tried to conquer Greece, but they could not withstand the Greek’s military and they were defeated and forced to retreat. When Zeus saw the immorality of the Atlanteans he gathered the other gods to determine a suitable punishment. Soon, in one violent surge it was gone (Braymer 55-56). The sea swallowed the continent of Atlantis, its people, and its memory. According to Plato, the time period that Atlantis was destroyed was around 600 BC (Stein ). Now that we know the story of Atlantis according to Plato, where was the lost continent of Atlantis located?
There are many theories on where the lost continent of Atlantis is located. One theory is that Atlantis is located in the Caribbean. The Caribbean is a set of islands of different shape and could possibly be the lost continent of Atlantis. Some evidence has been shown, such as the underwater walls and roads. But these primitive roads are 10,000 miles away from Egypt, and had no connection with Egypt at all. How could a civilization travel that far? Besides these roads, there is no other evidence leaning toward the Caribbean as being an ancient nation. A possible explanation is that these roads are a layer of strata rock that was originally
volcanic, but has erodedlman 4 away. Nevertheless, whether explained or unexplained, these roads are not connected to Atlantis in any way (Wilke 44-45).
Another theory on where Atlantis could be located is in the Atlantic Ocean. Many believe that Atlantis occupied the Atlantic, obviously drawing this
conclusion from its name. Atlantis was possibly on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an underground mountain range. But this is near impossible, because this ridge is spread apart, and would have created a volcanic island, especially not near the size of Atlantis (Braymer 7-7). England and India have also been proposed to be the lost continent of Atlantis, but there is no hard evidence to support either of the theories.
There is one other theory that has not been mentioned. In the Mediterranean Sea there is an island near Greece called Crete. On this island of Crete there are ruins of a lost civilization that have been uncovered. Which could mean that the lost continent of Atlantis could possibly be the Lost Minoan Empire.
Crete was the center of the great Minoan Empire that flourished for thousands of years. Its influence covered the entire Mediterranean area. Minoan merchants traveled and traded widely from Syria, to Sicily, and to Western Europe. K.T. Frost, a classical scholar at Queen’s University in Belfast, Ireland, wrote that Crete controlled the sea trade between Europe, Asia, and Africa (Stein 8- ).
Little was known about the Minoans until early in the twentieth century when excavations revealed their buildings, pottery and other artifacts on the islands of
Crete and nearby Thera. The Minoans appear to have been very wealthy and very sophisticated. They were leaders in fashion, jewelry, artwork, and metalworking.
They loved sports, music, and dancing. They had a tradition of bullfighting without weapons. Excavations also revealed remains of statues of bulls and of other gods like Posiedon (laketech 1). The Minoans also had indoor bathrooms with running water.
If one would look at the Minoan’s carefully they would realize that the Minoan’s where part of the Bronze Age, where bronze was common and it would be used to cover their possessions. They also had a laid back and rich culture. They were at the height of their power between 1500 BC. and 100 BC., but were suddenly and immediately stopped dead, when one of the islands of Crete blew up, causing the strongest earthquake in human history (Stein -40). On Crete their “Royal City” was at the marveled Knossos, where they built great palaces. This city was surrounded by a great fertile plain and surrounded by mountains. With rich trading ports. They had nine other towns on the islands that were also very rich trading ports. Their main island, being twelve miles in diameter, had a system of canals and harbors in the interior, with what appears to have been a hollowed place in the center (Braymer 8-84). They were originally a peaceful nation, but then they began to feud with the Greek City of Mycenne. The Mycenae invaded the Crete and soon after there was a volcanic eruption on the island Thera, an island part of the Minoan Empire. The explosions from the volcanic eruption were so strong that it
caused massive earthquakes and massive waves that would reach 45 to 100 feet high. The massive water attacks, called tsunami hit the island of Crete along with the violent earthquakes. Which sent fires raging through the villages destroying everything. Then the volcano covered the island of Crete with layers of ashes (Stein 40). Thus, destroying the Minoan Empire. The stories of Atlantis and the Minoan Empire are very similar, but both nations were supposedly destroyed during two different time periods.
Seismologist Angelos Galanopoulos suggested that the islands of Thera and Crete were part of Plato’s Atlantis. He also thought that Plato’s numbers were ten times too large. Plato said that the fertile plain was about ,000 stadia wide by ,000 stadia long. That was two large of an area for it to fit in the Aegean Sea, where the Crete and Thera islands are located. Galanopoulos figured out that if one would divide the numbers by ten, then the island would be 00 stadia wide by 00 stadia long, a reasonable size for an Aegean island (41-4).
This mathematical error would also explain the problem with Plato’s dates. Plato dated Atlantis at ,000 years before Solon’s visit to Egypt, in 600 BC. If one would divide ,000 by ten then they would get 00. Add 00 years to Solons 600 BC. visit and one would get 1500 BC, the time of Thera’s eruption. Galanopoulos explained the mathematical error by saying that either Solon had made the error, or the Egyptian priests had made the mistake. The Egyptian symbol for 100 and 1000 is very similar. And the symbol for 100 could have been easily confused with the
symbol for 1000 (4-4).
The cultures between Plato’s Atlantis and the Minoan Empire are very similar. They both had the same pottery styles, the same kind of enemies, the same kind of interest with bull riding. They had the same kinds of gods and statues. Both nations worshiped and respected bulls. They both worshiped Posiedon, and both gave some power to women. Which leads many to believe that the lost continent of Atlantis is in fact the Lost Minoan Empire. And that Atlantis was located in the Aegean Sea either on the island of Crete or Thera. However, there is still not enough evidence to specifically link Thera and Crete and the Minoans with the lost continent of Atlantis.
The Legend of the lost continent of Atlantis is a myth, but it is also a reality. Even though there may never be enough evidence to prove if the lost continent of Atlantis was real. But the Legend of Atlantis will always live on. And according to Plato Atlantis will rise again.
Works Cited
Bowman, John The Quest for Atlantis.
New York Doubleday and Co., 171.
Braymer, Majorie. Atlantis The Biography of a Legend.
New York Atheneum, 18.
Laketech. TheLost Continent of Atlantis [Online] Available
http//www.l;aketech.com/AD_LCHTML 16.
Stein, Wendy. Atlantis Opposing Viewpoints.
Sand Diego Greenhaven Press, 18.
Wilke, Katharine E., and Elizabeth R. Moseley. Atlantis.
New York Julian Messner, 17.
Mind that the sample papers like atlantis presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Over 11,000 years ago there supposedly was a continent located in the middle of the Atlantic ocean populated with a noble and very powerful race. The people had great wealth along with advanced knowledge before their time. This continent had many beautiful cities and sites. This great place is the Legend of the lost continent of Atlantis, but is Atlantis just a myth or a reality.
A Greek philosopher, Plato, first recorded the story of Atlantis. Plato first heard the tale of Atlantis from stories that were passed down from generation to generation from Solon, a Greek traveler and historian from Egypt. Solon received the story of Atlantis while staying with Egyptian priests. And Solon then brought the story to Greece (Stein 1). Plato then told of two accounts of Atlantis. These accounts were Timeaus and Critias. A summary of the two accounts is that Atlantis was the domain of Poseidon, the god of the sea. When Poseidon fell in love with a mortal woman, Cleito, he created a dwelling at the top of a hill near the middle of the continent and surrounded the dwelling with rings of water and land to protect her. Cleito gave birth to five sets of twin boys who became the first rulers of Atlantis.
The continent was divided among the brothers with the eldest, Atlas, first King of Atlantis, being given control over the central hill and surrounding areas. At the top of the central hill, a temple was built to honor Poseidon that housed a giant gold statue of Poseidon riding a chariot pulled by winged horses. It was here that the rulers of Atlantis would come to discuss laws, pass judgments, and pay tribute to
Poseidon (Braymer -11).
To facilitate travel and trade, a water canal was cut through of the rings of land and water running south for 5.5 miles ( km) to the sea. The city of Atlantis sat just outside the outer ring of water and spread across the plain covering a circle of 11 miles (1.7 km). This was a densely populated area where the majority of the population lived, called the “Royal City.” In the “Royal City” there were beautiful palaces and mountains all over the continent. Surrounding the “Royal City” was ten towns. Each town had a fertile plain, about 0 miles (50 km) long and 110 miles (10 km) wide surrounded by another canal used to collect water from the rivers and streams of the mountains (Wilke 1-1). The climate was such that two harvests were possible each year. One in the winter, fed by the rains and one in the summer, fed by irrigation from the canal. Surrounding the plain to the north were mountains which soared to the skies. Villages, lakes, rivers, and meadows dotted the mountains. Besides the harvests, the continent provided all kinds of herbs, fruits, and nuts. And an abundance of animals roamed the continent (Braymer 5).
For generations the Atlanteans lived simple, virtuous lives. The Atlanteans
were literate and very intelligent. They had written many works and laws, and often covered their materials with copper, bronze or gold (Stein 0). They also had a tradition of fighting bulls without the use of weapons. They worshiped bulls and had great respect for them. But slowly they began to change their ways. Greed and power began to corrupt them. The Atlanteans tried to expand their domain. They went out and tried to conquer Greece, but they could not withstand the Greek’s military and they were defeated and forced to retreat. When Zeus saw the immorality of the Atlanteans he gathered the other gods to determine a suitable punishment. Soon, in one violent surge it was gone (Braymer 55-56). The sea swallowed the continent of Atlantis, its people, and its memory. According to Plato, the time period that Atlantis was destroyed was around 600 BC (Stein ). Now that we know the story of Atlantis according to Plato, where was the lost continent of Atlantis located?
There are many theories on where the lost continent of Atlantis is located. One theory is that Atlantis is located in the Caribbean. The Caribbean is a set of islands of different shape and could possibly be the lost continent of Atlantis. Some evidence has been shown, such as the underwater walls and roads. But these primitive roads are 10,000 miles away from Egypt, and had no connection with Egypt at all. How could a civilization travel that far? Besides these roads, there is no other evidence leaning toward the Caribbean as being an ancient nation. A possible explanation is that these roads are a layer of strata rock that was originally
volcanic, but has erodedlman 4 away. Nevertheless, whether explained or unexplained, these roads are not connected to Atlantis in any way (Wilke 44-45).
Another theory on where Atlantis could be located is in the Atlantic Ocean. Many believe that Atlantis occupied the Atlantic, obviously drawing this
conclusion from its name. Atlantis was possibly on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an underground mountain range. But this is near impossible, because this ridge is spread apart, and would have created a volcanic island, especially not near the size of Atlantis (Braymer 7-7). England and India have also been proposed to be the lost continent of Atlantis, but there is no hard evidence to support either of the theories.
There is one other theory that has not been mentioned. In the Mediterranean Sea there is an island near Greece called Crete. On this island of Crete there are ruins of a lost civilization that have been uncovered. Which could mean that the lost continent of Atlantis could possibly be the Lost Minoan Empire.
Crete was the center of the great Minoan Empire that flourished for thousands of years. Its influence covered the entire Mediterranean area. Minoan merchants traveled and traded widely from Syria, to Sicily, and to Western Europe. K.T. Frost, a classical scholar at Queen’s University in Belfast, Ireland, wrote that Crete controlled the sea trade between Europe, Asia, and Africa (Stein 8- ).
Little was known about the Minoans until early in the twentieth century when excavations revealed their buildings, pottery and other artifacts on the islands of
Crete and nearby Thera. The Minoans appear to have been very wealthy and very sophisticated. They were leaders in fashion, jewelry, artwork, and metalworking.
They loved sports, music, and dancing. They had a tradition of bullfighting without weapons. Excavations also revealed remains of statues of bulls and of other gods like Posiedon (laketech 1). The Minoans also had indoor bathrooms with running water.
If one would look at the Minoan’s carefully they would realize that the Minoan’s where part of the Bronze Age, where bronze was common and it would be used to cover their possessions. They also had a laid back and rich culture. They were at the height of their power between 1500 BC. and 100 BC., but were suddenly and immediately stopped dead, when one of the islands of Crete blew up, causing the strongest earthquake in human history (Stein -40). On Crete their “Royal City” was at the marveled Knossos, where they built great palaces. This city was surrounded by a great fertile plain and surrounded by mountains. With rich trading ports. They had nine other towns on the islands that were also very rich trading ports. Their main island, being twelve miles in diameter, had a system of canals and harbors in the interior, with what appears to have been a hollowed place in the center (Braymer 8-84). They were originally a peaceful nation, but then they began to feud with the Greek City of Mycenne. The Mycenae invaded the Crete and soon after there was a volcanic eruption on the island Thera, an island part of the Minoan Empire. The explosions from the volcanic eruption were so strong that it
caused massive earthquakes and massive waves that would reach 45 to 100 feet high. The massive water attacks, called tsunami hit the island of Crete along with the violent earthquakes. Which sent fires raging through the villages destroying everything. Then the volcano covered the island of Crete with layers of ashes (Stein 40). Thus, destroying the Minoan Empire. The stories of Atlantis and the Minoan Empire are very similar, but both nations were supposedly destroyed during two different time periods.
Seismologist Angelos Galanopoulos suggested that the islands of Thera and Crete were part of Plato’s Atlantis. He also thought that Plato’s numbers were ten times too large. Plato said that the fertile plain was about ,000 stadia wide by ,000 stadia long. That was two large of an area for it to fit in the Aegean Sea, where the Crete and Thera islands are located. Galanopoulos figured out that if one would divide the numbers by ten, then the island would be 00 stadia wide by 00 stadia long, a reasonable size for an Aegean island (41-4).
This mathematical error would also explain the problem with Plato’s dates. Plato dated Atlantis at ,000 years before Solon’s visit to Egypt, in 600 BC. If one would divide ,000 by ten then they would get 00. Add 00 years to Solons 600 BC. visit and one would get 1500 BC, the time of Thera’s eruption. Galanopoulos explained the mathematical error by saying that either Solon had made the error, or the Egyptian priests had made the mistake. The Egyptian symbol for 100 and 1000 is very similar. And the symbol for 100 could have been easily confused with the
symbol for 1000 (4-4).
The cultures between Plato’s Atlantis and the Minoan Empire are very similar. They both had the same pottery styles, the same kind of enemies, the same kind of interest with bull riding. They had the same kinds of gods and statues. Both nations worshiped and respected bulls. They both worshiped Posiedon, and both gave some power to women. Which leads many to believe that the lost continent of Atlantis is in fact the Lost Minoan Empire. And that Atlantis was located in the Aegean Sea either on the island of Crete or Thera. However, there is still not enough evidence to specifically link Thera and Crete and the Minoans with the lost continent of Atlantis.
The Legend of the lost continent of Atlantis is a myth, but it is also a reality. Even though there may never be enough evidence to prove if the lost continent of Atlantis was real. But the Legend of Atlantis will always live on. And according to Plato Atlantis will rise again.
Works Cited
Bowman, John The Quest for Atlantis.
New York Doubleday and Co., 171.
Braymer, Majorie. Atlantis The Biography of a Legend.
New York Atheneum, 18.
Laketech. TheLost Continent of Atlantis [Online] Available
http//www.l;aketech.com/AD_LCHTML 16.
Stein, Wendy. Atlantis Opposing Viewpoints.
Sand Diego Greenhaven Press, 18.
Wilke, Katharine E., and Elizabeth R. Moseley. Atlantis.
New York Julian Messner, 17.
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