argentine

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The Argentine Republic, with its .757.407 Km (1,450,76 sq.miles) of surface, is located in the meridional hemisphere in respect to the Equator, it is crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn in the Continental American region and in the Antarctic Polar Circle in Antarctic. In respect to the Greenwich Meridian it is located in the western hemisphere.

The maximun lenght between north and south is .64 Km. (,5 miles) If we extend it to the South Pole, it reaches about 7,50 Km. (4,716 miles) A consequence of this is the wide variety of climates that the country offers, from tropical and subtropical warm climate in the norh, to polar cold in Antarctica.

The maximun lenght in regard to longitudes is 1.4 Km. (884 miles) It goes from the province of Misiones to the catamarqueña puna.

Apart from the american and antarctic portions, the Argentine Republic also has an oceanic portion, composed by some islands, the bottom of the ocean and the oceanic mass, as established by the Convention of the Sea in 18 .




It is considered a formal geographical region a portion of territory characterized by some kind of similitary in its relief, in its climate and in its resources. In the Argentine Republic, we can distinguish eight formal geographical regions.

Platense Prairie

This region comprises the northeast sector of Argentina. The Pilcomayo, Paraguay and Alto Paran?rivers define its septentrional limit. To the West, the limits are represented by the lower parts of a big western mountainous mass. To the south, the limit is the Colorado river and, to the East, the Aguapey river, the Uruguay river, the river Plate and the Atlantic Ocean.

The big Argentine platense prairie, with 1,00,000 Km (465,000 sq.miles), includes the following subregions

Chaco

It is located in the Northeast part of the country. The limit with the pampeana prairie is gradual. Conventionally it is established along a line that goes from the northern point of the sierras of Córdoba and continues along the river-bed of the Salado del Norte river, to the Paran?river. To the North and East it is limited, respectively, by the Pilcomayo and Paraguay rivers.

Four morphological subunits can be distinguished High Chaco (soils composed by thick sands and slime), Chaco with depressions (large surfaces where there are swampy lands and marshlands), Low Chaco (clayish and arenaceous soils, lots of marshlands and frequent floods), and Fluvial Diagonal of Santiago del Estero (large marshlands).

Corrientes Swampy Lands

It is a depressed area. It is considered that, as the Alto Paran?was moving to the west, its waters accumulated sediments, mainly arenaceous, in the zones with depressions. Subsequently, the gradual predominance of a drier climatic cycle helped the formation of dunes, wich were fixed by vegetation. When the climate changed again, becoming wet, the low areas between the dunes were filled with water, giving birth to the marshlands. The most important marshlands are the ones of Iber? Maloyas, Batel and Santa Lucía.

Pampa

The pampa is the southern part of the big platense prairie. It is in the central and eastern zone of Argentina. So it is important to mention that the chaqueña prairie is of course, the septentrional limit of the pampeana prairie. It is a gradual strip often represented by a line that goes from the northern point of the sierras of Córdoba, to the course of Salado del Norte river, through wich it gets to the Paran?river.

Three subunits are distinguished in the Pampa Wavy Pampa (territory with slight ondulation, where we can distinguish the cliff, the fluvial terraces and the depression), Pampa with depression (characterized by permanent floods) and High Pampa (saltpetrous lagoons, salt pits and dunes).

Entre Ríos Hills

They go from the septentrional border of the plateau of Mercedes to a cliff which falls abruptly to the deltaica plain. Its limits are, to the East the Uruguay river, and to the West, the Paran?river.

The relief is slightly wavy, the soils have a large quanttity of clay and there are abundant rainfalls.

Deltaica Plain

This region, of about 14.000 Km (5,400 sq.miles) is limited by the entrerriana and santafecina-bonaerense cliff, wich are lines of fault that limit a submerged block, occupied by the delta of the Paran?river and the River Plate.

The constant deposit of sediments provided by the Paran?river constitute the origin of the islands, whose shores (ridges of fertile land), slightly high, are sheltered from the normal rising tides. The process of deltification, slow but steady, creates a constant change in the shape and size of the islands.



Subtropical Plateau

This geographical region is located in the northeast point of the Argentine Republic, as a wedge between Paraguay and Brasil. Its limits coincide with the political limits with these neighbor countries. The Aguapey river represents the limit with the correntinos marshlands. The rivers of this region, short and torrential, run parallel to each other and go down in the central region of sierras.

The plateau, under a constant erosion, mainly fluvial, shows an arched relief, slightly wavy, with slope to the Paraguay and Uruguay rivers from a central high area called sierra. Some hills of this geographical region reach almost 1.000 meters (,80 feet).

The outcropping of hard rocks (basalts and sandstones) caused many falls in the rivers and small streams. It is also worth mentioning the importance of the hidraulic potential of this region.

The noroeste

The Noroeste, traditional name of the northeastern corner of the Argentine Republic, comprises three subunits

The Puna

It is a large high plateau wich exceeds the limits with Chile and Bolivia. To the South, it goes to the austral hillside of the Sierra de Buenaventura. To the East, from the frontier with Bolivia, it is located on the Escaya and Cochinoca sierras, it continues to the west of the Guayatayoc lagoon, it crosses the Salinas Grandes, San Antonio de los Cobres, the western border of Calchaqu?valley, going to the southeast until the Sierra de Buenaventura.

The relief of the Puna is characterized by the presence of a series of plateaus. These plateaus, with an average height between ,000 and ,500 meters (10,000 and 11,500 feet), are divided by a strip of sierras, in general of volcanic origin.

Eastern Mountain Range

The western limit is also the eastern limit of the Puna, until Cafayate. From here it goes to the northern point of the Cumbres Calchaquíes and it continues along the Carahuasi, Metán and Zapla Sierras, until it gets to the superior course of the Bermejo River. In the eastern Mountain Range we can distinguish three big morphological units mountains, streams and valleys.

Subandinas Sierras

They are located between the eastern mountain range and the chaqueña prairie and composed by short and parallel sierras, directed to the northeast-southeast. The limit is gradual; it is set in the course of the Sal?river, including Medina and del Campo Sierras, in the northeast of Tucumán.

Cuyo

This region lays in the western part of the country, from the meridional border of the Puna to the latitude 7ºS. It is composed by a big orographic mass to the West and the low part of the mountains to the East.

The mountainous area is characterized by its high peaks with eternal snow and high ways most of the time closed by the snow during the Winter. Its highest peak, the Aconcagua, of 6,5 meters (,81 feet), is situated on the Principal Mountain Range. The plain part creates a large area in the low part of the mountains to the east of the mountainous range.

The Pampeanas Sierras

This region is located in the centre of the country and part of the Provinces of Tucumán, Catamarca, La Rioja, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, San Luis and San Juan. In this region there are mainly long ranges of sierras, with flat peaks, divided with valleys, farms or bolsones they are mainly composed by cristaline rocks of precambric origin.

Patagonia

The Patagonia is located to the South of the Colorado River, it has two areas which are different in structure and morphology the Patagonia andina and Patagonia extraandina.

Patagonia andina

It is composed by the cordillerana orogeny and it is constituted by ranges divided with valleys and tectonic-glacial depressions, occupied by lagoons. The mountain peaks are covered with glaciers and have rect peaks and sharp needles. The rivers are torrential and respond to two slopes, that of the Atlantic and that of the Pacific.

Patagonia extraandina

It is a plateau formed by continental sea and volcanic sediments over a base. Its morphology is complex, having plateaus of different heights, regions of sierras, depressions and large fluvial valleys. The plateau has large arreicas, endorreicas regions and regions of salt mines. The rivers are formed in the Cordillera de los Andes or in the western plateaus.

Argentine Sea

With 1,000,000 km (86,000 sq.miles), the Argentine platform is one of the largest in the world. It is characterized because it is progressively wider as it goes south, in contrast with the narrowing of the continental mass. The platform has a series of plateaus which descend to the East as big terraces or steps.

Argentine Antarctica

This region lays on the tectonic antartic layers. Most of the year is covered by a thick mass of snow and ice. On teh surface layer there are rock exposures known as nunatak. On the ice surface, the wind creates the so-called sastrugis, something like a dune of ice.



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