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Is Capital Punishment Necessary?
Is capital punishment just? Should the world’s leading democracy be in the business of executing criminals? One would think that the answers would go hand in hand; however, the debate on whether or not the US should be involved in such practices is extremely more complicated than the debate on the justness of capital punishment. The debate on this issue is extremely controversial, if the US decides that capital punishment is unconstitutional then criminals convicted of the very most heinous crimes would not be able to be rightly punished. Those against the use of capital punishment would argue that capital punishment is inhumane, unethical, and unfair; however, their counterparts would argue criminals deserving of capital punishment had no regard for the lives of those affected by their crimes, deserve the death penalty for taking the lives of their innocent victims.
Those who are anti-death penalty argue that taking the life of a murderer does not merit a decent punishment for the crime that he or she has committed. Who is to say that a man has the right to decide if the death penalty is an ethical punishment to be given to an individual for the murder of another? The anti-death penalty view is that no man has the right to decide that an acceptable punishment for the killing of an innocent individual should be the death penalty. The anti-death penalty movement also argues that putting a criminal to death is not only unethical it is also impractical and should also be considered murder.
The opposition to the anti-death penalty movement believes that certain crimes are heinous enough to merit the death penalty. The pro-death penalty movement also believes that if a person is cold-blooded enough to kill innocent person that he or she has the capacity to kill again and indeed deserve the maximum punishment for their crimes. AN article in the June 5, 001 edition of the U.S. News & World Report stated that 80 percent of Americans thought that Timothy McVeigh deserved to die. The article went on to report that McVeigh’s case refuted most common arguments against the death penalty because the crime was so heinous that the severity of the punishment wasn’t an issue, he had excellent representation in court, their was no racism involved in his conviction, and he even admitted his own guilt.
The argument that capital punishment is against some people’s religion is an argument frequently used in their side of the debate against the use of capital punishment. The religious argument is the belief that only God has the right to judge human actions and dish out the punishments for those actions.
Mind that the sample papers like Is capital punishment neccesary? presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, April 3, 2013
Saturday, March 9, 2013
Incidents in the life of Slave Girl Review
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A circumstance common to all slaves in the antebellum South was that of repression. Besides suppressing the rights of slaves, slave owners wanted to silence the voice of slaves as well. However, some of these voices eventually emerged to relay some of the most realistic tales of slavery. One such story was that of Harriet Ann Jacobs, who published Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl in 1861. This was the year in which the Civil War began, and so the question arises, why did Jacobs choose to publish her story? Perhaps it was just a manner by which Jacobs was able to release some of her anguish; however, it was more than just a slave’s tale. The purpose of the story is to show how the slaves were not given the universal right of being treated as humans, to show the irony in the actions of white people in relation to the slaves, and to make an appeal to the audience to support her cause.
One of the prominent themes in Jacobs’ tale is that of slaves treated as property. Slave owners refused to allow any sort of human qualities enter the lives of slaves. They were sold and bought at the will of the owners. Early on, Jacobs tries to contest this dehumanizing tactic when she mentions the teachings of Linda’s father “….they thought he had spoiled his children, by teaching them to feel that they were human beings” (Jacobs 10). Another instance of this behavior is when it is mentioned that a promise or anything in writing held by a slave is not legally binding. Similarly, because slaves themselves were considered property, they were not allowed to hold any sort of property. All of these policies were enforced to ensure the continued servitude of the slaves. Owners did not want their slaves to develop this sense of self for fear of rebellion, thus reinforcing the climate of repression adopted by owners.
Another aspect of this treatment that haunts Jacobs is the act of buying and selling slaves. She establishes her disdain very early in her narrative when she relates the story of how her grandmother was captured and sold along with the rest of her family. Eventually, both the narrator and her grandmother were handed over to Dr. Flint, and one of the first actions Dr. Flint takes is to put Linda’s grandmother on sale. Jacobs illustrates the unfairness of the situation by relating the extremely low price paid for her grandmother. This belief of Jacobs is epitomized in the conclusion of the narrative when Linda’s freedom is bought. Despite being overjoyed, the happiness is tainted by the nature of the sale “I well know the value of that bit of paper; but as much as I love freedom, I do not like to look upon it” (151). While white people are allowed freedom as a universal right, slaves only attained this right by means of a piece of paper. She feels that she never belonged to anyone, so no one had the right to buy her “….I despise the miscreant who demanded payment for what never rightfully belonged to him….” (151). All of these instances culminate to reveal Jacobs negative opinion of slaves being treated as property.
Another theme that is Jacobs dwells on in her narrative is that of hypocrisy and irony. The slave owners said things, but employed empty words; their words were meaningless to the slaves because the owners changed their promises to suit their needs. One such instance is the above-mentioned one regarding Linda’s grandmother. She had been promised freedom by her mistress, but upon her death, was put up for sale. This illustrates the two-faced nature of the slave owners. Another such instance was that of Luke, Linda’s friend in New York. He worked diligently for years only to receive harsh punishments in return. He eventually underhandedly attains money after his master dies. Only, Jacobs justifies this action “When a man has his wages stolen from him, year after year, and the laws sanction and enforce the theft, how can he be expected to have more regard to honesty than has the man who robs him?” (146). These are two of the stronger instances of the hypocrisy of slave owners with their slaves.
In addition to these examples, the most prominent instance of the hypocrisy of the slave owners is in Dr. Flint’s treatment of Linda. As she is mentioned to be attractive, Dr. Flint wants to pursue her sexually. Not only does he corrupt her thoughts, but he also tries to isolate her from everyone she knows to take advantage of her. The same situation would never arise with a white woman. Similarly, Dr. Flint is careful to keep the circumstances secret to maintain his reputation in town. As a consequence, Linda purposely becomes pregnant, hoping this would at last ward off Dr. Flint “But, O, ye happy women, whose purity has been sheltered from childhood, who have been free to choose the objects of your affection, whose homes are protected by law, do not judge the poor desolate slave girl too severely!” (17). This only serves to strengthen Jacobs’ belief in the hypocrisy of her situation as a slave.
Besides her themes of de-humanization and hypocrisy, Jacobs also uses her narrative to appeal to the reader to take action on her behalf and on behalf of slaves in general. One obvious way this is accomplished is by the narrative itself. By relating the events of her life and also those of other people in her life, she creates an atmosphere of sympathy toward the plight of slaves. Apparent from these anecdotes is the cruel treatment of slaves, often through hypocrisy and ill intentions. Other times the actions are motivated by money, such as Mr. Dodge’s pursuit of Linda in New York. By relating that particular story, Linda shows how much of a trial her entire life has been “What a disgrace to a city calling itself free, that inhabitants, guiltless of offence, and seeking to perform their duties conscientiously, should be condemned to live in such incessant fear, and have nowhere to turn for protection!” (145). Sentiments such as these are used to arouse sympathy in hearts of the northerners, who have the strongest power to help the slaves.
The most effective manner by which Jacobs arouses sympathy for the cause of slaves is through the direct appeal to the reader. Jacobs first uses this tactic to address her problems with Dr. Flint. She appeals to the Northern readers that they would not do the same work if they were in that same situation. An even more direct appeal follows at the end of this part of the narrative “….why are ye silent, ye free men and women of the north?” (16). At the conclusion of the story, Jacobs changes her tone to again make the reader sympathize with the slaves. Though she has attained freedom, it is at a cost, and despite everything, things will never be the same for her as her white counterparts. She mentions that she would like to forget, but instead she relates the story. The purpose then is to create sympathy in the hearts of those who can then work to make a difference.
To conclude, Jacobs chooses to publish her narrative despite having personal hesitations in revealing her story. However, she chooses to do so for a number of reasons. First, she wants to portray her feelings about the treatment of slaves as property. She lived her entire life as an object sold and bought, and eventually was bought into freedom. Despite attaining that freedom though, the piece of paper evidencing her freedom remains as a haunting memory. Also, the narrative serves to reveal the hypocrisy of slave owners in their relations with their slaves. What they consider to be proper for white people is not the acceptable for slaves. Jacobs portrays this fact through numerous incidents such as the legal rights of slaves as well as Dr. Flint’s treatment of Linda. Most important though, Jacobs hoped to create sympathy for slaves in the hearts of Northerners. Perhaps she wanted to spur the Northerners to pursue abolition more vehemently, but as the story was published in the first year of the civil war, it probably served more as a tool to give heart to the Northern fighters; they were not only fighting to maintain the Union, but to uphold the ideal of the Constitution that states that “all men are created equal.”
Mind that the sample papers like Incidents in the life of Slave Girl Review presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
A circumstance common to all slaves in the antebellum South was that of repression. Besides suppressing the rights of slaves, slave owners wanted to silence the voice of slaves as well. However, some of these voices eventually emerged to relay some of the most realistic tales of slavery. One such story was that of Harriet Ann Jacobs, who published Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl in 1861. This was the year in which the Civil War began, and so the question arises, why did Jacobs choose to publish her story? Perhaps it was just a manner by which Jacobs was able to release some of her anguish; however, it was more than just a slave’s tale. The purpose of the story is to show how the slaves were not given the universal right of being treated as humans, to show the irony in the actions of white people in relation to the slaves, and to make an appeal to the audience to support her cause.
One of the prominent themes in Jacobs’ tale is that of slaves treated as property. Slave owners refused to allow any sort of human qualities enter the lives of slaves. They were sold and bought at the will of the owners. Early on, Jacobs tries to contest this dehumanizing tactic when she mentions the teachings of Linda’s father “….they thought he had spoiled his children, by teaching them to feel that they were human beings” (Jacobs 10). Another instance of this behavior is when it is mentioned that a promise or anything in writing held by a slave is not legally binding. Similarly, because slaves themselves were considered property, they were not allowed to hold any sort of property. All of these policies were enforced to ensure the continued servitude of the slaves. Owners did not want their slaves to develop this sense of self for fear of rebellion, thus reinforcing the climate of repression adopted by owners.
Another aspect of this treatment that haunts Jacobs is the act of buying and selling slaves. She establishes her disdain very early in her narrative when she relates the story of how her grandmother was captured and sold along with the rest of her family. Eventually, both the narrator and her grandmother were handed over to Dr. Flint, and one of the first actions Dr. Flint takes is to put Linda’s grandmother on sale. Jacobs illustrates the unfairness of the situation by relating the extremely low price paid for her grandmother. This belief of Jacobs is epitomized in the conclusion of the narrative when Linda’s freedom is bought. Despite being overjoyed, the happiness is tainted by the nature of the sale “I well know the value of that bit of paper; but as much as I love freedom, I do not like to look upon it” (151). While white people are allowed freedom as a universal right, slaves only attained this right by means of a piece of paper. She feels that she never belonged to anyone, so no one had the right to buy her “….I despise the miscreant who demanded payment for what never rightfully belonged to him….” (151). All of these instances culminate to reveal Jacobs negative opinion of slaves being treated as property.
Another theme that is Jacobs dwells on in her narrative is that of hypocrisy and irony. The slave owners said things, but employed empty words; their words were meaningless to the slaves because the owners changed their promises to suit their needs. One such instance is the above-mentioned one regarding Linda’s grandmother. She had been promised freedom by her mistress, but upon her death, was put up for sale. This illustrates the two-faced nature of the slave owners. Another such instance was that of Luke, Linda’s friend in New York. He worked diligently for years only to receive harsh punishments in return. He eventually underhandedly attains money after his master dies. Only, Jacobs justifies this action “When a man has his wages stolen from him, year after year, and the laws sanction and enforce the theft, how can he be expected to have more regard to honesty than has the man who robs him?” (146). These are two of the stronger instances of the hypocrisy of slave owners with their slaves.
In addition to these examples, the most prominent instance of the hypocrisy of the slave owners is in Dr. Flint’s treatment of Linda. As she is mentioned to be attractive, Dr. Flint wants to pursue her sexually. Not only does he corrupt her thoughts, but he also tries to isolate her from everyone she knows to take advantage of her. The same situation would never arise with a white woman. Similarly, Dr. Flint is careful to keep the circumstances secret to maintain his reputation in town. As a consequence, Linda purposely becomes pregnant, hoping this would at last ward off Dr. Flint “But, O, ye happy women, whose purity has been sheltered from childhood, who have been free to choose the objects of your affection, whose homes are protected by law, do not judge the poor desolate slave girl too severely!” (17). This only serves to strengthen Jacobs’ belief in the hypocrisy of her situation as a slave.
Besides her themes of de-humanization and hypocrisy, Jacobs also uses her narrative to appeal to the reader to take action on her behalf and on behalf of slaves in general. One obvious way this is accomplished is by the narrative itself. By relating the events of her life and also those of other people in her life, she creates an atmosphere of sympathy toward the plight of slaves. Apparent from these anecdotes is the cruel treatment of slaves, often through hypocrisy and ill intentions. Other times the actions are motivated by money, such as Mr. Dodge’s pursuit of Linda in New York. By relating that particular story, Linda shows how much of a trial her entire life has been “What a disgrace to a city calling itself free, that inhabitants, guiltless of offence, and seeking to perform their duties conscientiously, should be condemned to live in such incessant fear, and have nowhere to turn for protection!” (145). Sentiments such as these are used to arouse sympathy in hearts of the northerners, who have the strongest power to help the slaves.
The most effective manner by which Jacobs arouses sympathy for the cause of slaves is through the direct appeal to the reader. Jacobs first uses this tactic to address her problems with Dr. Flint. She appeals to the Northern readers that they would not do the same work if they were in that same situation. An even more direct appeal follows at the end of this part of the narrative “….why are ye silent, ye free men and women of the north?” (16). At the conclusion of the story, Jacobs changes her tone to again make the reader sympathize with the slaves. Though she has attained freedom, it is at a cost, and despite everything, things will never be the same for her as her white counterparts. She mentions that she would like to forget, but instead she relates the story. The purpose then is to create sympathy in the hearts of those who can then work to make a difference.
To conclude, Jacobs chooses to publish her narrative despite having personal hesitations in revealing her story. However, she chooses to do so for a number of reasons. First, she wants to portray her feelings about the treatment of slaves as property. She lived her entire life as an object sold and bought, and eventually was bought into freedom. Despite attaining that freedom though, the piece of paper evidencing her freedom remains as a haunting memory. Also, the narrative serves to reveal the hypocrisy of slave owners in their relations with their slaves. What they consider to be proper for white people is not the acceptable for slaves. Jacobs portrays this fact through numerous incidents such as the legal rights of slaves as well as Dr. Flint’s treatment of Linda. Most important though, Jacobs hoped to create sympathy for slaves in the hearts of Northerners. Perhaps she wanted to spur the Northerners to pursue abolition more vehemently, but as the story was published in the first year of the civil war, it probably served more as a tool to give heart to the Northern fighters; they were not only fighting to maintain the Union, but to uphold the ideal of the Constitution that states that “all men are created equal.”
Mind that the sample papers like Incidents in the life of Slave Girl Review presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday, February 23, 2013
How to make a citizen's arrest
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like How to make a citizen's arrest even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like How to make a citizen's arrest in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
How to Make a Citizen’s Arrest
When can you make a citizen’s arrest? In a citizen’s arrest many steps must be completed properly before restraining a person for their crime. By notifying the authorities, to see if there are other witnesses besides yourself, and you must be really careful during the process of making an arrest. If you witness a crime, it is your civic duty to report the crime to the police. When a crime is committed, you have the right and responsibility to make a “Citizen’s Arrest”. If you have witnessed a crime, and if you are brave enough to make an arrest (1) ask yourself certain questions, () take him down, () check for witnesses, (4) don’t use too much force, (5) and your not the same as a police officer.
The certain questions you may ask yourself before making an arrest Can I safely intervene without endangering others? Am I strong enough to detain the suspect? Am I sober? If the answer to any of these is “[hiccup] No,” call Popeye and hide behind elderly bystanders. But as a U.S. Citizen, you have the right to arrest it is granted by common law. But keep in mind that you need to witness or have some knowledge of an arrest able crime.
How can you take him down you ask? If you can’t wrestle up a posse to intimidate the perpeter into submission, you may have to get physical. Distract his attention, and then throw him to the ground on his belly and his arm behind him while applying your knee to the small part of his back. Your going to expect some grumpiness-felons consider a citizen’s arrests a professional embarrassment. “ Don’t you think you’re going to play Bruce Lee,” Deannette warns. “ Even police don’t have the right to use excessive or unwarranted force.” In fact, a little too violent arrest could render you criminally liable. Once the punk is immobilized, tell him that you’re arresting him and why; botching either technicality result in the suspect’s release on improper arrest methods and even lead to a civil suit against you for wrongful imprisonment. Finally turn the guy over to the authorities. And keep your eyes peeled for others that may be in danger.
The fixation to say when making an arrest, you should inform the person that you are doing so for particular crime in question, that you are taking them to the nearest Police officer. If there are any other witnesses present, try to get their help and ask for their names and addresses. This is really helpful so that they can back you up when you’re the one that gets accuse.
Do not use too much force when making a citizen’s arrest. If force is required to make the arrest, you should use only reasonable force to overcome any resistance being given; otherwise your actions could amount to an assault. You should be aware that the suspect has the right to resist your efforts to make the arrest you do not have the same powers as a police officer. Do you have any powers to search or question the person? No, you have no legal rights to search or seize anything from the person, nor to question him or her. Just some notes of caution even though you have the right to make a citizen’s arrest, you are not required to do so by law. If you feel it is necessary to make an arrest, you should proceed with caution, as the person in question may be well dangerous. You should also ensure that you have the proper grounds to make the arrest; if you do not you may open yourself to being sued for wrongful arrest.
When is it right to make the arrest? Well private citizen’s have the power to make the arrest in the following circumstances if the crime is being committed at night, if the crime being committed is punishable by three years’ imprisonment or more and if a person is attempting to escape from someone trying to make an arrest. As a general rule the offences for which one is likely to make a citizen’s arrest will be of a more serious nature, including murder, serious assault, drug offences, sex offences, breaking and entering, fraud and theft.
I strongly disapprove a person trying to do a citizen’s arrest because it is so dangerous and you may do it wrong where you may get sued.
Mind that the sample papers like How to make a citizen's arrest presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
How to Make a Citizen’s Arrest
When can you make a citizen’s arrest? In a citizen’s arrest many steps must be completed properly before restraining a person for their crime. By notifying the authorities, to see if there are other witnesses besides yourself, and you must be really careful during the process of making an arrest. If you witness a crime, it is your civic duty to report the crime to the police. When a crime is committed, you have the right and responsibility to make a “Citizen’s Arrest”. If you have witnessed a crime, and if you are brave enough to make an arrest (1) ask yourself certain questions, () take him down, () check for witnesses, (4) don’t use too much force, (5) and your not the same as a police officer.
The certain questions you may ask yourself before making an arrest Can I safely intervene without endangering others? Am I strong enough to detain the suspect? Am I sober? If the answer to any of these is “[hiccup] No,” call Popeye and hide behind elderly bystanders. But as a U.S. Citizen, you have the right to arrest it is granted by common law. But keep in mind that you need to witness or have some knowledge of an arrest able crime.
How can you take him down you ask? If you can’t wrestle up a posse to intimidate the perpeter into submission, you may have to get physical. Distract his attention, and then throw him to the ground on his belly and his arm behind him while applying your knee to the small part of his back. Your going to expect some grumpiness-felons consider a citizen’s arrests a professional embarrassment. “ Don’t you think you’re going to play Bruce Lee,” Deannette warns. “ Even police don’t have the right to use excessive or unwarranted force.” In fact, a little too violent arrest could render you criminally liable. Once the punk is immobilized, tell him that you’re arresting him and why; botching either technicality result in the suspect’s release on improper arrest methods and even lead to a civil suit against you for wrongful imprisonment. Finally turn the guy over to the authorities. And keep your eyes peeled for others that may be in danger.
The fixation to say when making an arrest, you should inform the person that you are doing so for particular crime in question, that you are taking them to the nearest Police officer. If there are any other witnesses present, try to get their help and ask for their names and addresses. This is really helpful so that they can back you up when you’re the one that gets accuse.
Do not use too much force when making a citizen’s arrest. If force is required to make the arrest, you should use only reasonable force to overcome any resistance being given; otherwise your actions could amount to an assault. You should be aware that the suspect has the right to resist your efforts to make the arrest you do not have the same powers as a police officer. Do you have any powers to search or question the person? No, you have no legal rights to search or seize anything from the person, nor to question him or her. Just some notes of caution even though you have the right to make a citizen’s arrest, you are not required to do so by law. If you feel it is necessary to make an arrest, you should proceed with caution, as the person in question may be well dangerous. You should also ensure that you have the proper grounds to make the arrest; if you do not you may open yourself to being sued for wrongful arrest.
When is it right to make the arrest? Well private citizen’s have the power to make the arrest in the following circumstances if the crime is being committed at night, if the crime being committed is punishable by three years’ imprisonment or more and if a person is attempting to escape from someone trying to make an arrest. As a general rule the offences for which one is likely to make a citizen’s arrest will be of a more serious nature, including murder, serious assault, drug offences, sex offences, breaking and entering, fraud and theft.
I strongly disapprove a person trying to do a citizen’s arrest because it is so dangerous and you may do it wrong where you may get sued.
Mind that the sample papers like How to make a citizen's arrest presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Irony in “The Story of an Hour”
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Irony in “The Story of an Hour” even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Irony in “The Story of an Hour” in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Irony is the incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs. Iron has played a very important role in many writing of the past and present, like in “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin. Irony is the element in the story that leaves the leaves the readers surprised. It unfolds in “The Story of an Hour” when Mrs. Mallard believes she is free after being told the news of her husband’s death and then truly being freed by her own death
Soon after Ms. Mallard had received d the news of her husband’s death she rejoices because she believed she was now free all restriction her husband had placed on her. Mrs. Mallard believed that there would be no one to take control of her life. She repeatedly whispered to her self, “free, free, free”(Chopin, 1). She felt as though, “there would be no one to live for her during those next coming years she would live for herself”(1). Since Mrs. Mallard had just received the news of her a reader would perceive that statement as being true. Mrs. Mallard continues on to whisper to herself saying, “free! Body and soul free!”(14).
Not long after Mrs. Mallard was rejoicing her newfound freedom from her husband, the front door unlocks and Mrs. Mallard realizes he was not really dead. Mrs. Mallard comes down stairs and in walks her husband a live as he could be. Seeing Mr. Mallard alive shocked Mrs. Mallard. She was ready to enjoy her new life without Mr. Mallard and was already having thoughts of how her life would be without limitations or boundaries which were placed on her by her husband. When she sees him, Mrs. Mallard knew that her new found freedom would no longer be. That truly frightened her because, “When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease- of the joy that kills”(14). Mrs. Mallard had ultimately found her new freedom from her husband, but through her own death instead of her husband.
The Death of Mrs. Mallard is truly ironic. After hearing the news of Mrs. Mallard’s husband death, A reader would have anticipate, as Mrs. Mallard had done, her freedom from her husband and whatever restrictions he placed on her. Mrs. Mallard was happy and repeatedly said she was free. That left a reader to think that she was free because she no longer had her husband no restrict her. As a reader I would have never thought that Mrs. Mallard would become free through her own death and not her husband’s death.
Irony truly unfolds in “The Story of an Hour” when Mrs. Mallard is freed as she wanted through her own death and not through the death of her husband. Mrs. Mallard Whispered, “Free! Body and Soul Free!”, meaning she no longer had any restrictions over her body or soul. But because of her death, Mrs. Mallard became literally free “body and soul”.
Chopin, Kate. “The Story of an Hour.” The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 6th ed. Boston Bedford/St Martin’s, 00. 1018.
Mind that the sample papers like Irony in “The Story of an Hour” presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Irony is the incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs. Iron has played a very important role in many writing of the past and present, like in “The Story of an Hour” by Kate Chopin. Irony is the element in the story that leaves the leaves the readers surprised. It unfolds in “The Story of an Hour” when Mrs. Mallard believes she is free after being told the news of her husband’s death and then truly being freed by her own death
Soon after Ms. Mallard had received d the news of her husband’s death she rejoices because she believed she was now free all restriction her husband had placed on her. Mrs. Mallard believed that there would be no one to take control of her life. She repeatedly whispered to her self, “free, free, free”(Chopin, 1). She felt as though, “there would be no one to live for her during those next coming years she would live for herself”(1). Since Mrs. Mallard had just received the news of her a reader would perceive that statement as being true. Mrs. Mallard continues on to whisper to herself saying, “free! Body and soul free!”(14).
Not long after Mrs. Mallard was rejoicing her newfound freedom from her husband, the front door unlocks and Mrs. Mallard realizes he was not really dead. Mrs. Mallard comes down stairs and in walks her husband a live as he could be. Seeing Mr. Mallard alive shocked Mrs. Mallard. She was ready to enjoy her new life without Mr. Mallard and was already having thoughts of how her life would be without limitations or boundaries which were placed on her by her husband. When she sees him, Mrs. Mallard knew that her new found freedom would no longer be. That truly frightened her because, “When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease- of the joy that kills”(14). Mrs. Mallard had ultimately found her new freedom from her husband, but through her own death instead of her husband.
The Death of Mrs. Mallard is truly ironic. After hearing the news of Mrs. Mallard’s husband death, A reader would have anticipate, as Mrs. Mallard had done, her freedom from her husband and whatever restrictions he placed on her. Mrs. Mallard was happy and repeatedly said she was free. That left a reader to think that she was free because she no longer had her husband no restrict her. As a reader I would have never thought that Mrs. Mallard would become free through her own death and not her husband’s death.
Irony truly unfolds in “The Story of an Hour” when Mrs. Mallard is freed as she wanted through her own death and not through the death of her husband. Mrs. Mallard Whispered, “Free! Body and Soul Free!”, meaning she no longer had any restrictions over her body or soul. But because of her death, Mrs. Mallard became literally free “body and soul”.
Chopin, Kate. “The Story of an Hour.” The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 6th ed. Boston Bedford/St Martin’s, 00. 1018.
Mind that the sample papers like Irony in “The Story of an Hour” presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, January 29, 2013
HIV/AIDS screening as an additional college health requirement
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like HIV/AIDS screening as an additional college health requirement even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like HIV/AIDS screening as an additional college health requirement in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Prior enrollment to any institution of higher education one must substantiate that he has satisfied college health requirements to help ensure a healthy student body. For this reason all entering freshmen, by law, are required to have a complete physical examination and a series of vaccinations. According to the American College Health Association such vaccinations include diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, German measles, and mumps. These of which are contagious or may have an affect on the students’ performance; however, the decision to vaccinate is completely up to the student. Many misunderstand the AIDS virus; therefore are confused of the ways of extracting it. Having AIDS has nothing to do with one’s ability to read, write or comprehend information. As a result, HIV/AIDS testing is purposeless and should not be added as a college health requirement.
AIDS is caused by infection of an individual with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that alters a person’s immune system and damages his ability to fight off other diseases. It is primarily spread through sexual contact, the sharing of contaminated needles and syringes, blood transfusions, and from mother to infant. If AIDS testing actually becomes part of the health requirements, it is very likely that people who are infected to display false test results. This occurs because it takes three to six months to show up in the blood. Any testing before the three to six month period would bring about invalid information. There is no way to determine the true results for everyone unless the test was given every six months. If AIDS testing was required then testing for all other sexually transmitted diseases should be required, which would be ridiculous and pointless for someone practicing abstinence. Due to such powerful information, one should be granted the right determine if he wants to know such status. Such forced medical examination will conclude in a decrease of college students, which will be disastrous for society in the future.
Results from an AIDS test is strictly confidential and the status is only given to the person being tested, thus any sharing of this information without the person’s consent is against the law. The test results, whether negative or positive, are only revealed to the person being tested and the physician or health service provider. The health service provider does not even have the right to give out any information without the consent of the patient; so revealing private, sensational facts about a person’s sexual activity, health or economic status can constitute an invasion of privacy. It is obvious that this would be more controversial than helpful, which would definitely result in an inflation of litigations.
Even if the school was granted the information by the infected person, they would have to treat them the same as all other students. No cases of AIDS have been identified in which students were infected in a school setting; hence the institution would not be able to isolate them nor prohibit them from on-campus housing or other school activities. Denying them of these accesses is disability discrimination. It is a violation to section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 17, which states that recipients may not provide different or separate aid, benefits or services to handicapped persons or to any class of handicapped persons.
Due to such uselessness, HIV/AIDS testing should remain apart from the college health requirements. Information of such confidential magnitude, will never become part of regular college screenings until proven to be harmful to others. Considering that this disease is only contracted in certain ways and not contagious, it will not have any effect on the institution as a whole. Entering freshmen should not be tormented their first year by knowing such information because it may cause poorer performances and may result in more cases of depression. The power of such information will have an overwhelming impact on the overall well-being of the students, thus beginning an unnecessary elimination of potential lawyers, doctors, and etc. that would eventually affect the world.
Mind that the sample papers like HIV/AIDS screening as an additional college health requirement presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Prior enrollment to any institution of higher education one must substantiate that he has satisfied college health requirements to help ensure a healthy student body. For this reason all entering freshmen, by law, are required to have a complete physical examination and a series of vaccinations. According to the American College Health Association such vaccinations include diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, German measles, and mumps. These of which are contagious or may have an affect on the students’ performance; however, the decision to vaccinate is completely up to the student. Many misunderstand the AIDS virus; therefore are confused of the ways of extracting it. Having AIDS has nothing to do with one’s ability to read, write or comprehend information. As a result, HIV/AIDS testing is purposeless and should not be added as a college health requirement.
AIDS is caused by infection of an individual with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that alters a person’s immune system and damages his ability to fight off other diseases. It is primarily spread through sexual contact, the sharing of contaminated needles and syringes, blood transfusions, and from mother to infant. If AIDS testing actually becomes part of the health requirements, it is very likely that people who are infected to display false test results. This occurs because it takes three to six months to show up in the blood. Any testing before the three to six month period would bring about invalid information. There is no way to determine the true results for everyone unless the test was given every six months. If AIDS testing was required then testing for all other sexually transmitted diseases should be required, which would be ridiculous and pointless for someone practicing abstinence. Due to such powerful information, one should be granted the right determine if he wants to know such status. Such forced medical examination will conclude in a decrease of college students, which will be disastrous for society in the future.
Results from an AIDS test is strictly confidential and the status is only given to the person being tested, thus any sharing of this information without the person’s consent is against the law. The test results, whether negative or positive, are only revealed to the person being tested and the physician or health service provider. The health service provider does not even have the right to give out any information without the consent of the patient; so revealing private, sensational facts about a person’s sexual activity, health or economic status can constitute an invasion of privacy. It is obvious that this would be more controversial than helpful, which would definitely result in an inflation of litigations.
Even if the school was granted the information by the infected person, they would have to treat them the same as all other students. No cases of AIDS have been identified in which students were infected in a school setting; hence the institution would not be able to isolate them nor prohibit them from on-campus housing or other school activities. Denying them of these accesses is disability discrimination. It is a violation to section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 17, which states that recipients may not provide different or separate aid, benefits or services to handicapped persons or to any class of handicapped persons.
Due to such uselessness, HIV/AIDS testing should remain apart from the college health requirements. Information of such confidential magnitude, will never become part of regular college screenings until proven to be harmful to others. Considering that this disease is only contracted in certain ways and not contagious, it will not have any effect on the institution as a whole. Entering freshmen should not be tormented their first year by knowing such information because it may cause poorer performances and may result in more cases of depression. The power of such information will have an overwhelming impact on the overall well-being of the students, thus beginning an unnecessary elimination of potential lawyers, doctors, and etc. that would eventually affect the world.
Mind that the sample papers like HIV/AIDS screening as an additional college health requirement presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday, January 26, 2013
In Those Winter Sundays
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like In Those Winter Sundays even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like In Those Winter Sundays in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
In “Those Winter Sundays,” Robert Hayden emphasizes how as a child he didn’t
appreciate the plain and basic things; his father did for him. Hayden describes to us his
father’s routine on those Winter Sundays and points out that his father was a hard
working man, but temperamental. The speaker discovers that he is now able to
appreciate the affection showed to him by his father, which is something he could not
have done as a child. After reading this poem, instantly the memories of my mother’s
unappreciated lessons entered my mind.
One unappreciated lesson from my mother was to take advice gained through the
wisdom of living. Wisdom is acquired through life when one making mistakes learns
valve lessons. A good example of this is when a person stumbles across a situation in
which an elder person enlightens a younger person with knowledge based on their own
experience like my mother who taught me that those who are wise know how to listen.
For instance, at seventeen and foolishly in love, I dated a rapper of my hometown Puerto
Rico. Like custom in my family I brought him home for the approval of my parents, but
my mother went crazy and didn’t like the idea of me dating him. Back then I didn’t
understand the reasons for her opposition. Against her will I went on with the
relationship and four months later I discovered that he was promiscuous and my mother
knew about it; therefore, she didn’t want me dating a guy like him. I was horrified and
broken hearted when I found out that he was dating three more girls at the same time he
was swearing me love. Everything I knew about love was no longer true. That sour
moment in my youth taught me to listen to my mother’s advice.
Another lesson learned from my mother that wasn’t appreciated was the value of
hard work. The values of hard work are gained through commitment and dedication.
Sometimes being in high school and working is more about earning and spending cash
than achieving future goals. That is where the problem lies. For example, I was working
at a restaurant as a waitress my senior year in high school. That same year my family
was going through an economic crisis, and I wanted to go to college, but my parents
couldn’t afford it. I was expected to contribute to my education and I wasn’t aware of
how careless I was in spending my salary. I wanted to go out with friends and working
didn’t fit into my social life. So I quit my job a the restaurant. As result, I learned the
hard way that hard work always pays off. I lost two years of college education. Had I
listened to my mother’s advice, I may have been able to pay my own way , but
unfortunately, I had to work two years after high school to afford college.
Having lived through these experiences I can say that I have become a wiser
person who has learned not only the value of hard work, but also the worth of my
mother’s advice
Mind that the sample papers like In Those Winter Sundays presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
In “Those Winter Sundays,” Robert Hayden emphasizes how as a child he didn’t
appreciate the plain and basic things; his father did for him. Hayden describes to us his
father’s routine on those Winter Sundays and points out that his father was a hard
working man, but temperamental. The speaker discovers that he is now able to
appreciate the affection showed to him by his father, which is something he could not
have done as a child. After reading this poem, instantly the memories of my mother’s
unappreciated lessons entered my mind.
One unappreciated lesson from my mother was to take advice gained through the
wisdom of living. Wisdom is acquired through life when one making mistakes learns
valve lessons. A good example of this is when a person stumbles across a situation in
which an elder person enlightens a younger person with knowledge based on their own
experience like my mother who taught me that those who are wise know how to listen.
For instance, at seventeen and foolishly in love, I dated a rapper of my hometown Puerto
Rico. Like custom in my family I brought him home for the approval of my parents, but
my mother went crazy and didn’t like the idea of me dating him. Back then I didn’t
understand the reasons for her opposition. Against her will I went on with the
relationship and four months later I discovered that he was promiscuous and my mother
knew about it; therefore, she didn’t want me dating a guy like him. I was horrified and
broken hearted when I found out that he was dating three more girls at the same time he
was swearing me love. Everything I knew about love was no longer true. That sour
moment in my youth taught me to listen to my mother’s advice.
Another lesson learned from my mother that wasn’t appreciated was the value of
hard work. The values of hard work are gained through commitment and dedication.
Sometimes being in high school and working is more about earning and spending cash
than achieving future goals. That is where the problem lies. For example, I was working
at a restaurant as a waitress my senior year in high school. That same year my family
was going through an economic crisis, and I wanted to go to college, but my parents
couldn’t afford it. I was expected to contribute to my education and I wasn’t aware of
how careless I was in spending my salary. I wanted to go out with friends and working
didn’t fit into my social life. So I quit my job a the restaurant. As result, I learned the
hard way that hard work always pays off. I lost two years of college education. Had I
listened to my mother’s advice, I may have been able to pay my own way , but
unfortunately, I had to work two years after high school to afford college.
Having lived through these experiences I can say that I have become a wiser
person who has learned not only the value of hard work, but also the worth of my
mother’s advice
Mind that the sample papers like In Those Winter Sundays presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, January 24, 2013
globalisation and food.
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like globalisation and food. even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like globalisation and food. in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Globalisation and Food.
The first and probably most important area on the topic of globalisation and food is the issue of food policy and food security. It is believed that the vast inequalities between the rich and the poor of this world have strong links to way both developing and developed countries manage, or are forced to manage, their food resources. Two documents are of particular interest to the debate as to what is to blame for the increased inequality mentioned. A recent Oxfam report states that “the problem is not that international trade is inherently opposed to the needs and interests of the poor, but that the rules that govern it are rigged in favour of the rich” (Fowler, 00). This point is validated by the fact that “when developing countries export to rich country markets, they face tariff barriers that are four times higher than those encountered by rich countries. Those barriers cost them $100bn a year � twice as much as they receive in aid” (Fowler, 00). The report claims that while rich countries impose such tariffs, the poorer countries are pressurised by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to open their markets at breakneck speed, often with damaging consequences. The other key document I looked at was an article by Bonnie Setiawan, which was submitted to the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development. Setiawan blames globalisation and import liberalisation for the current crisis in developing countries. Her key point is that “this liberalisation of foodstuffs is the treatment of foodstuffs and agriculture as industrial products which are traded freely like manufactured goods. As the United Nations once said, food becomes a commodity, instead of a human right; it becomes part of free trade and the free market” (Setiawan, 0011-). Setiawan goes on to show what import liberalisation has done to Indonesia. “Data from the World Trade Organisation shows that we (Indonesia) have become the world’s largest rice importer, with 5.8 tons in the fiscal year of 18/1 hence absorbing some 5 % of the world’s rice trade. Earlier, Indonesia ranked as the world’s ninth highest rice exporter and was also self-sufficient in regards to rice” (Setiawan, 0011-). As Hartwig de Haen correctly states the countries that will not be able to compete in this expanded market, for example, those with non-modernised agricultural systems, are the ones for which agriculture is still the backbone of their economies (de Haen, 0011). This is why food policy needs to be better managed so as to stop export dumping by rich countries and to give developing countries a chance to develop. The relevance of this is that though we claim to understand very few people really get that millions of people are starving and suffering. It also seems that the problems could be solved not with everybody donating twenty euro to Concern or Trocaire but with are few changes in policy.
Globalisation and it’s relationship with food also effects us closer to home. It has given us fast, convenient food. But it has also lead, in my opinion, to the eliminating of national eating habits, lack of quality (in 001 a poll by Restaurants and Institutions found that the lowest quality food in any major hamburger chain was found in McDonalds) and poor jobs. Firstly, I will look at the effect that the globalised food industry has had on jobs. The McDonalds chain is, with doubt, the king of fast food. According to Eric Schlosser they are responsible for 0% of America’s new jobs and “it is estimated that one out of every eight workers in the United States has at some point been employed by McDonalds” (Schlosser, 004). McDonalds are also widely credited with the creation of the throwaway ‘McJob’ which was defined by international trade unionist Dan Gallin as “a low skill, low pay, high stress, exhausting and unstable job” (Klein, 0017). The strict regimentation at fast food restaurants creates standardised products (Burger Kingstaff are instructed on the ideal thickness of each french fry, 0.8 inches thick). This in turn gives fast food companies an enormous amount of power over their employees. Jobs that have been ‘de-skilled’ can be filled cheaply. The need to retain any individual worker is greatly reduced by the ease with which he or she can be replaced. In Britain, there was the McLibel case in which two Greenpeace activists were taken to court for criticising McDonalds’ employment practices. Though they were found guilty on several counts the judge did concede that “the allegation that McDonalds ‘pays it’s workers low wages, helping to depress wages for workers in the catering trade in Britain has been proven to be true” (Klein, 0017). In Ireland, more recently, we saw Supermacs fined for making under 18 year olds work later than ten o’ clock on a school night. Fast food outlets also pioneered the casualisation of labour which spread across the service industry as a whole and even further. As Klein sees it almost every major labour battle of the decade has focused on the issue of enforced casualisation “from the United Parcel workers’ stand against ‘part-time America’ to the unionised Australian dockworkers fighting their replacement by contract workers…All these stories are about different industries doing variations on the same thing finding ways to cut ties to their workforce and travel light” (Klein, 0017). I think the issue of casualisation is extremely relevant at the moment with most companies implementing it. From a personal viewpoint, I have been working at the Eurospar supermarket for nearly two years and have seen these changes take place. The average shift has been cut to four hours. The middle aged managerial staff have been replaced by teenagers and people in their earlier twenties. These employees often think they’re just passing through and they normally don’t have families of their own to take care of so they can be paid less and they don’t require the benefits a middle aged person often would. Another thing that Eurospar has in common with the major fast food outlets is it’s fear of unionisation. Eric Schlosser gives numerous accounts of various McDonalds outlets closing just as unionisation seemed imminent e.g. St. Hubert, Montreal 17. Lansing, Michigan 17. Schlosser concludes his series of accounts by saying “As of this writing, none of the workers at the roughly fifteen thousand McDonald’s in North America is represented by a union” (Schlosser, 0077).
The issue of national eating habits is fairly straight forward and it fits in with one of the main criticisms of globalisation it erodes national and even regional cultures. With fast food outlets it’s the same menu and the same ingredients no matter which corner of the globe you find yourself in. Although now and again you may see the Greek kebab special in favourite major fast food outlet, this is just assimilated culture, it drags it into mass culture and it becomes no longer specific to anything except in a harmless, stereotypical fashion. Klein sums it up when she says “Despite the embrace of polyethnic imagery, market-driven globalisation doesn’t want diversity; quite the opposite. It’s enemies are national habits, local brands and distinctive regional tastes” (Klein, 0011). Fast food outlets use approaches to retailing like clustering {setting up many franchises in the area until all competition (or choice) is pretty much defeated} or big-box (a big store in a key location). These major fast food outlets have the money to outbid for space and supplies, to drive down prices and even to keep them artificially high. Although independent restaurants can and do thrive it is normally in the high-end, specialty role. This leaves it to the major outlets, as we have seen in America and the bigger European countries, to blanket cities, towns and suburbs with self-replicating clones. The relevance of this to Ireland, I believe, is not so much that we will have McDonalds and Burger Kings in all the suburbs but that almost everyone in the food business is adopting the McDonalds approach. Look at the local 4 hour garage and the Hot counter in your local supermarket, all mini-McDonalds with little choice, poorly paid staff and they are spreading and expanding. Globalisation has influenced food production but with it’s need for increased efficiency it has lead to shortcuts being taken. This is particularly dangerous with regards to beef products. According to Schlosser “the meatpacking system that arose to supply the nation’s (America) fast food chains � an industry molded to serve their needs, to provide massive amounts of uniform ground beef so that all of McDonald’s hamburgers would taste the same � has proved to be an extremely efficient system for spreading disease” (Schlosser, 0077). He goes on refer to a nationwide survey in 16 that found that 7.5% of ground beef samples taken at processing plants were contaminated with Salmonella, 11.7% with Listeria monocytogenes (which proves fatal in one out of five cases), 0% with Staphylococcus aureus and 5.% with Clostridium perfringens. (Schlosser, 00). A unnamed government health official told Eric Schlosser that the sanitary conditions in a modern feedlot were easily comparable to the to those in a crowded European city during the Middle Ages, “when people dumped their chamber pots out the window, raw sewage ran in the streets, and epidemics raged” (Schlosser, 0001). The problem of lack of quality safe food and the throwaway job link up according to Dr. Patricia Griffin, one of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s leading experts. “We place our lives in their hands in the same way we entrust our lives to the training of airline pilots” (Schlosser, 00). Griffin worries that a low-paid, unskilled workforce composed of teenagers and recent immigrants may not always be familiar with proper food handling procedures. Couple this with the lack of training received and the low prestige and just passing through nature of the job and we see this needs serious attention. Just to hit home the point, food poisoning does not just mean some vomiting and a slight case of diarrhea, in the last eight years in the United States approximately half a million people have been made ill, thousands have been hospitalised and hundreds have died due food poisoning incidents(Schlosser, 00). The relevance of this hardly needs to be stated but this is not just confined to America, a girl I know returned in a critical state from Spain after eating at a McDonalds and is now short one kidney. When people go abroad they sometimes are unsure where to go and eat, the above incidents make the ‘at least you know what you’re getting at McDonalds’ attitude seem laughable.
Finally, there is the cost-cutting and time-saving ‘developments’ that have been made in food production so as to make the most out of the worldwide market. Agriculture in America and in Europe relies less and less on raw materials and more so on non-renewable chemicals. According to Bonnie Setiawan, in the U.S. 75% of all processed food has high artificial content e.g. orange juice with little orange content, sausages with less and less sausage meat. Setiawan also raises an interesting point when looking at the genetically modified food craze. “Almost half of the patents on ‘GM Foods’ are controlled by 14 large corporations with patents in staples rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes and sorghum…the monopolisation allowed by the control of such technology would lead to the need for all farmers of corn, soybean or rice to buy from the firms involved � meaning unlimited markets and extraordinary profits” (Setiawan, 0011-). This is distinct possibility with the influence of globalisation constantly telling us food is a commodity that can produced quicker and cheaper and sold everywhere for any price they deem fit.
Mind that the sample papers like globalisation and food. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Globalisation and Food.
The first and probably most important area on the topic of globalisation and food is the issue of food policy and food security. It is believed that the vast inequalities between the rich and the poor of this world have strong links to way both developing and developed countries manage, or are forced to manage, their food resources. Two documents are of particular interest to the debate as to what is to blame for the increased inequality mentioned. A recent Oxfam report states that “the problem is not that international trade is inherently opposed to the needs and interests of the poor, but that the rules that govern it are rigged in favour of the rich” (Fowler, 00). This point is validated by the fact that “when developing countries export to rich country markets, they face tariff barriers that are four times higher than those encountered by rich countries. Those barriers cost them $100bn a year � twice as much as they receive in aid” (Fowler, 00). The report claims that while rich countries impose such tariffs, the poorer countries are pressurised by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to open their markets at breakneck speed, often with damaging consequences. The other key document I looked at was an article by Bonnie Setiawan, which was submitted to the International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development. Setiawan blames globalisation and import liberalisation for the current crisis in developing countries. Her key point is that “this liberalisation of foodstuffs is the treatment of foodstuffs and agriculture as industrial products which are traded freely like manufactured goods. As the United Nations once said, food becomes a commodity, instead of a human right; it becomes part of free trade and the free market” (Setiawan, 0011-). Setiawan goes on to show what import liberalisation has done to Indonesia. “Data from the World Trade Organisation shows that we (Indonesia) have become the world’s largest rice importer, with 5.8 tons in the fiscal year of 18/1 hence absorbing some 5 % of the world’s rice trade. Earlier, Indonesia ranked as the world’s ninth highest rice exporter and was also self-sufficient in regards to rice” (Setiawan, 0011-). As Hartwig de Haen correctly states the countries that will not be able to compete in this expanded market, for example, those with non-modernised agricultural systems, are the ones for which agriculture is still the backbone of their economies (de Haen, 0011). This is why food policy needs to be better managed so as to stop export dumping by rich countries and to give developing countries a chance to develop. The relevance of this is that though we claim to understand very few people really get that millions of people are starving and suffering. It also seems that the problems could be solved not with everybody donating twenty euro to Concern or Trocaire but with are few changes in policy.
Globalisation and it’s relationship with food also effects us closer to home. It has given us fast, convenient food. But it has also lead, in my opinion, to the eliminating of national eating habits, lack of quality (in 001 a poll by Restaurants and Institutions found that the lowest quality food in any major hamburger chain was found in McDonalds) and poor jobs. Firstly, I will look at the effect that the globalised food industry has had on jobs. The McDonalds chain is, with doubt, the king of fast food. According to Eric Schlosser they are responsible for 0% of America’s new jobs and “it is estimated that one out of every eight workers in the United States has at some point been employed by McDonalds” (Schlosser, 004). McDonalds are also widely credited with the creation of the throwaway ‘McJob’ which was defined by international trade unionist Dan Gallin as “a low skill, low pay, high stress, exhausting and unstable job” (Klein, 0017). The strict regimentation at fast food restaurants creates standardised products (Burger Kingstaff are instructed on the ideal thickness of each french fry, 0.8 inches thick). This in turn gives fast food companies an enormous amount of power over their employees. Jobs that have been ‘de-skilled’ can be filled cheaply. The need to retain any individual worker is greatly reduced by the ease with which he or she can be replaced. In Britain, there was the McLibel case in which two Greenpeace activists were taken to court for criticising McDonalds’ employment practices. Though they were found guilty on several counts the judge did concede that “the allegation that McDonalds ‘pays it’s workers low wages, helping to depress wages for workers in the catering trade in Britain has been proven to be true” (Klein, 0017). In Ireland, more recently, we saw Supermacs fined for making under 18 year olds work later than ten o’ clock on a school night. Fast food outlets also pioneered the casualisation of labour which spread across the service industry as a whole and even further. As Klein sees it almost every major labour battle of the decade has focused on the issue of enforced casualisation “from the United Parcel workers’ stand against ‘part-time America’ to the unionised Australian dockworkers fighting their replacement by contract workers…All these stories are about different industries doing variations on the same thing finding ways to cut ties to their workforce and travel light” (Klein, 0017). I think the issue of casualisation is extremely relevant at the moment with most companies implementing it. From a personal viewpoint, I have been working at the Eurospar supermarket for nearly two years and have seen these changes take place. The average shift has been cut to four hours. The middle aged managerial staff have been replaced by teenagers and people in their earlier twenties. These employees often think they’re just passing through and they normally don’t have families of their own to take care of so they can be paid less and they don’t require the benefits a middle aged person often would. Another thing that Eurospar has in common with the major fast food outlets is it’s fear of unionisation. Eric Schlosser gives numerous accounts of various McDonalds outlets closing just as unionisation seemed imminent e.g. St. Hubert, Montreal 17. Lansing, Michigan 17. Schlosser concludes his series of accounts by saying “As of this writing, none of the workers at the roughly fifteen thousand McDonald’s in North America is represented by a union” (Schlosser, 0077).
The issue of national eating habits is fairly straight forward and it fits in with one of the main criticisms of globalisation it erodes national and even regional cultures. With fast food outlets it’s the same menu and the same ingredients no matter which corner of the globe you find yourself in. Although now and again you may see the Greek kebab special in favourite major fast food outlet, this is just assimilated culture, it drags it into mass culture and it becomes no longer specific to anything except in a harmless, stereotypical fashion. Klein sums it up when she says “Despite the embrace of polyethnic imagery, market-driven globalisation doesn’t want diversity; quite the opposite. It’s enemies are national habits, local brands and distinctive regional tastes” (Klein, 0011). Fast food outlets use approaches to retailing like clustering {setting up many franchises in the area until all competition (or choice) is pretty much defeated} or big-box (a big store in a key location). These major fast food outlets have the money to outbid for space and supplies, to drive down prices and even to keep them artificially high. Although independent restaurants can and do thrive it is normally in the high-end, specialty role. This leaves it to the major outlets, as we have seen in America and the bigger European countries, to blanket cities, towns and suburbs with self-replicating clones. The relevance of this to Ireland, I believe, is not so much that we will have McDonalds and Burger Kings in all the suburbs but that almost everyone in the food business is adopting the McDonalds approach. Look at the local 4 hour garage and the Hot counter in your local supermarket, all mini-McDonalds with little choice, poorly paid staff and they are spreading and expanding. Globalisation has influenced food production but with it’s need for increased efficiency it has lead to shortcuts being taken. This is particularly dangerous with regards to beef products. According to Schlosser “the meatpacking system that arose to supply the nation’s (America) fast food chains � an industry molded to serve their needs, to provide massive amounts of uniform ground beef so that all of McDonald’s hamburgers would taste the same � has proved to be an extremely efficient system for spreading disease” (Schlosser, 0077). He goes on refer to a nationwide survey in 16 that found that 7.5% of ground beef samples taken at processing plants were contaminated with Salmonella, 11.7% with Listeria monocytogenes (which proves fatal in one out of five cases), 0% with Staphylococcus aureus and 5.% with Clostridium perfringens. (Schlosser, 00). A unnamed government health official told Eric Schlosser that the sanitary conditions in a modern feedlot were easily comparable to the to those in a crowded European city during the Middle Ages, “when people dumped their chamber pots out the window, raw sewage ran in the streets, and epidemics raged” (Schlosser, 0001). The problem of lack of quality safe food and the throwaway job link up according to Dr. Patricia Griffin, one of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s leading experts. “We place our lives in their hands in the same way we entrust our lives to the training of airline pilots” (Schlosser, 00). Griffin worries that a low-paid, unskilled workforce composed of teenagers and recent immigrants may not always be familiar with proper food handling procedures. Couple this with the lack of training received and the low prestige and just passing through nature of the job and we see this needs serious attention. Just to hit home the point, food poisoning does not just mean some vomiting and a slight case of diarrhea, in the last eight years in the United States approximately half a million people have been made ill, thousands have been hospitalised and hundreds have died due food poisoning incidents(Schlosser, 00). The relevance of this hardly needs to be stated but this is not just confined to America, a girl I know returned in a critical state from Spain after eating at a McDonalds and is now short one kidney. When people go abroad they sometimes are unsure where to go and eat, the above incidents make the ‘at least you know what you’re getting at McDonalds’ attitude seem laughable.
Finally, there is the cost-cutting and time-saving ‘developments’ that have been made in food production so as to make the most out of the worldwide market. Agriculture in America and in Europe relies less and less on raw materials and more so on non-renewable chemicals. According to Bonnie Setiawan, in the U.S. 75% of all processed food has high artificial content e.g. orange juice with little orange content, sausages with less and less sausage meat. Setiawan also raises an interesting point when looking at the genetically modified food craze. “Almost half of the patents on ‘GM Foods’ are controlled by 14 large corporations with patents in staples rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, potatoes and sorghum…the monopolisation allowed by the control of such technology would lead to the need for all farmers of corn, soybean or rice to buy from the firms involved � meaning unlimited markets and extraordinary profits” (Setiawan, 0011-). This is distinct possibility with the influence of globalisation constantly telling us food is a commodity that can produced quicker and cheaper and sold everywhere for any price they deem fit.
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